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AnaPhy Prelims > Muscular System > Flashcards

Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

It is the scientific study of muscles

A

Myology

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2
Q

What are the three types of muscles

A

Skeletal muscle - striated and voluntary
Cardiac muscle - striated and involuntary
Smooth muscle - non striated and involuntary

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3
Q

This type of muscle is attached to the bones and moves part of the skeleton

A

Skeletal muscle

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4
Q

This type of muscle has limited capacity for regeneration because it has small number of cells that can undergo cell division

A

Skeletal muscle

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5
Q

Connective tissue that surrounds each fascicle

A

Perimysium

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6
Q

Dense layer of connective tissue that surrounds entire muscle

A

Epimysium

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7
Q

Delicate connective tissue that surrounds each muscle cell

A

Endomysium

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8
Q

It is the plasma membrane of the muscle cell

A

Sarcolemma

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9
Q

It is the cytoplasm of the muscle cell

A

Sarcoplasm

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10
Q

Which stores calcium in the muscle cell

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

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11
Q

Responsible for striations of the skeletal muscle

A

Myofibrils

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12
Q

Thick filament in muscle fibers are primary composed of ____

A

Myosin

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13
Q

It covers the binding site of the myosin head

A

Tropomyosin

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14
Q

It is the main component of thin filaments

A

Actin

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15
Q

Attached to actin filament and regulates muscle contraction

A

Troponin

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16
Q

Wraps around the actin filament and covers the binding site of the myosin head

A

Tropomyosin

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17
Q

It is the basic functional unit of striated muscle fibers; separated by z-discs

A

Sarcomeres

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18
Q

It extends the entire length of thick filaments

A

A band

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19
Q

End of each A band; contains the rest of the thin filaments

A

I band

20
Q

End of each A band; contains the rest of the thin filaments

A

I band

21
Q

Center of each A band

A

H zone

22
Q

Proteins that generate force during muscle contraction

A

Contractile proteins

23
Q

What are the two contractile proteins

A

Myosin and actin

24
Q

Proteins that helps switch muscle contraction process on and off

A

Regulatory proteins

25
Q

Regulatory protein that is a component of thin filament; it covers myosin- binding sites on acting molecules, thereby preventing myosin from binding to actin

A

Tropomyosin

26
Q

Single motor neuron + the muscle fiber it stimulates

A

Motor unit

27
Q

Synapse between a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle fiber

A

Neuromuscular junction

28
Q

Nerve cells that carry action potentials to muscle fibers

A

Motor neuron

29
Q

End of nerve cell (axon)

A

Presynaptic terminal

30
Q

Muscle fiber membrane

A

Postsynaptic membrane

31
Q

It stores and release neurotransmitters

A

Synaptic vesicle

32
Q

Chemicals that stimulate or inhibit a muscle fiber

A

Neurotransmitter

33
Q

Stimulus taht causes rapid depolarozation and repolarization; causes muscles to contract

A

Action potential

34
Q

Sodium channels open

A

Depolarization

35
Q

Sodium channels close; change back to resting potential

A

Repolarization

36
Q

Atp is stored where?

A

Myosin heads

37
Q

Help form cross-bridge formation between myosin and actin

A

ATP

38
Q

Transfer of phosphate molecule to ADP to form new ATP molecule (15 seconds)

A

Creatine phosphate

39
Q

Does not use oxygen; use of glucose to yield 2 ATP

A

Anaerobic glycolysis

40
Q

Prolonged activity; uses oxygen to produce ATP

A

Anaerobic respiration

41
Q

A brief contraction in response to a single action potential

A

Twitch contraction

42
Q

Increased strength of a contraction that occurs when a second stimulus arrives before the muscle has completely relaxed after a previous stimulus

A

Wave summation

43
Q

The process of increasing the number of active motor units

A

Motor unit recruitment

44
Q

High myoglobin content, many blood capillaries, large mitochondria

A

Slow oxidative fibers (red fibers)

45
Q

Largest fibers, high myoglobin and glycogen content

A

Fast oxidative-glycolytic fibers

46
Q

Low myoglobin content, high glycogen content

A

Fast glycolytic fibers

47
Q
  • slow contraction speed
  • high resistance to fatigue
  • aerobic metabolism
  • endurance activities like Ling distance running or cycling
A

Type 1 fibers

AnaPhy Prelims (6 decks)

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