Muscular System

Question 1

It is the scientific study of muscles

Answer 1

Myology

Question 2

What are the three types of muscles

Answer 2

Skeletal muscle - striated and voluntary
Cardiac muscle - striated and involuntary
Smooth muscle - non striated and involuntary

Question 3

This type of muscle is attached to the bones and moves part of the skeleton

Answer 3

Skeletal muscle

Question 4

This type of muscle has limited capacity for regeneration because it has small number of cells that can undergo cell division

Answer 4

Skeletal muscle

Question 5

Connective tissue that surrounds each fascicle

Answer 5

Perimysium

Question 6

Dense layer of connective tissue that surrounds entire muscle

Answer 6

Epimysium

Question 7

Delicate connective tissue that surrounds each muscle cell

Answer 7

Endomysium

Question 8

It is the plasma membrane of the muscle cell

Answer 8

Sarcolemma

Question 9

It is the cytoplasm of the muscle cell

Answer 9

Sarcoplasm

Question 10

Which stores calcium in the muscle cell

Answer 10

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 11

Responsible for striations of the skeletal muscle

Answer 11

Myofibrils

Question 12

Thick filament in muscle fibers are primary composed of ____

Answer 12

Myosin

Question 13

It covers the binding site of the myosin head

Answer 13

Tropomyosin

Question 14

It is the main component of thin filaments

Answer 14

Actin

Question 15

Attached to actin filament and regulates muscle contraction

Answer 15

Troponin

Question 16

Wraps around the actin filament and covers the binding site of the myosin head

Answer 16

Tropomyosin

Question 17

It is the basic functional unit of striated muscle fibers; separated by z-discs

Answer 17

Sarcomeres

Question 18

It extends the entire length of thick filaments

Answer 18

A band

Question 19

End of each A band; contains the rest of the thin filaments

Answer 19

I band

Question 20

End of each A band; contains the rest of the thin filaments

Answer 20

I band

Question 21

Center of each A band

Answer 21

H zone

Question 22

Proteins that generate force during muscle contraction

Answer 22

Contractile proteins

Question 23

What are the two contractile proteins

Answer 23

Myosin and actin

Question 24

Proteins that helps switch muscle contraction process on and off

Answer 24

Regulatory proteins

Question 25

Regulatory protein that is a component of thin filament; it covers myosin- binding sites on acting molecules, thereby preventing myosin from binding to actin

Answer 25

Tropomyosin

Question 26

Single motor neuron + the muscle fiber it stimulates

Answer 26

Motor unit

Question 27

Synapse between a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle fiber

Answer 27

Neuromuscular junction

Question 28

Nerve cells that carry action potentials to muscle fibers

Answer 28

Motor neuron

Question 29

End of nerve cell (axon)

Answer 29

Presynaptic terminal

Question 30

Muscle fiber membrane

Answer 30

Postsynaptic membrane

Question 31

It stores and release neurotransmitters

Answer 31

Synaptic vesicle

Question 32

Chemicals that stimulate or inhibit a muscle fiber

Answer 32

Neurotransmitter

Question 33

Stimulus taht causes rapid depolarozation and repolarization; causes muscles to contract

Answer 33

Action potential

Question 34

Sodium channels open

Answer 34

Depolarization

Question 35

Sodium channels close; change back to resting potential

Answer 35

Repolarization

Question 36

Atp is stored where?

Answer 36

Myosin heads

Question 37

Help form cross-bridge formation between myosin and actin

Answer 37

ATP

Question 38

Transfer of phosphate molecule to ADP to form new ATP molecule (15 seconds)

Answer 38

Creatine phosphate

Question 39

Does not use oxygen; use of glucose to yield 2 ATP

Answer 39

Anaerobic glycolysis

Question 40

Prolonged activity; uses oxygen to produce ATP

Answer 40

Anaerobic respiration

Question 41

A brief contraction in response to a single action potential

Answer 41

Twitch contraction

Question 42

Increased strength of a contraction that occurs when a second stimulus arrives before the muscle has completely relaxed after a previous stimulus

Answer 42

Wave summation

Question 43

The process of increasing the number of active motor units

Answer 43

Motor unit recruitment

Question 44

High myoglobin content, many blood capillaries, large mitochondria

Answer 44

Slow oxidative fibers (red fibers)

Question 45

Largest fibers, high myoglobin and glycogen content

Answer 45

Fast oxidative-glycolytic fibers

Question 46

Low myoglobin content, high glycogen content

Answer 46

Fast glycolytic fibers

Question 47

- slow contraction speed - high resistance to fatigue - aerobic metabolism - endurance activities like Ling distance running or cycling

Answer 47

Type 1 fibers