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AnaPhy Prelims > 1: Introduction > Flashcards

1: Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

The science of structure and the relationships among structures

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

The science of body functions, that is, how the body parts function

A

Physiology

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3
Q

What are the levels of study in Anatomy?

A

Gross Anatomy, Microscopic Anatomy/Histology, Neuroanatomy, Embryology

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4
Q

Describe Gross Anatomy (2)

A
  • large structures
  • easily observable
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5
Q

What level of study can only be views with a microscope due to its small structures?

A

Microscopic Anatomy/ Histology

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6
Q

Anatomy- Levels of Study

Normal gross and microscopic features and development of the nervous system. Aka Neural HSB

A

Neuroanatomy

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7
Q

Anatomy - Levels of Study

The original and development of the human body from fertilization of the ovum to extrauterine life. Aka Developmental HSB

A

Embryology

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8
Q
  • forms the external body covering
  • protects deeper tissue from injury
  • synthesizes vitamin D
  • location of cutaneous nerve receptors
A

Integumentary

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9
Q
  • Protects and supports body organs
  • provide muscle attachment for movement
  • site of blood cell formation
  • store minerals
A

Skeletal

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10
Q
  • allows locomotion
  • maintains posture
  • produces heat
A

Muscular

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11
Q
  • fast-acting control system
  • responds to internal and external change
  • activates muscles and glands
A

Nervous

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12
Q
  • secretes regulatory hormones
    • growth
    • reproduction
    • metabolism
A

Endocrine System

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13
Q
  • transports materials in body via blood pumped by the heart
A

Cardiovascular System

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14
Q
  • returns fluids to blood vessels
  • disposes of debris
  • involved in immunity
A

Lymphatic System

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15
Q
  • keeps blood supplied with oxygen
  • removes carbon dioxide
A

Respiratory System

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16
Q
  • breaks down food
  • allows for nutrients absorption into blood
  • eliminates indigestion material
A

Digestive system

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17
Q
  • eliminates nitrogenous wastes
  • maintains acid-base balance
  • regulation of materials (water, electrolytes)
A

Urinary system

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18
Q

Production of offspring

A

Reproductive system

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19
Q

Production of offspring

A

Reproductive system

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20
Q

Describe the anatomical position (4)

A
  • standing erect
  • head, eyes, toes directed forward
  • heels and toes together flat on the ground
  • upper limbs hanging by the sides with the palms facing forward
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21
Q

What are the 3 body planes and describe them

A
  1. Median: equal right and left
  2. Frontal/ Coronal: equal or unequal front and back
  3. Transverse: a horizontal plane that divides the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) section.
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22
Q

Superior vs. Inferior

A

Superior- toward the head
Inferior- away from the head or toward the lower part of the body

23
Q

Anterior vs Posterior

A

Anterior: toward/ at the front of the body;
Posterior: toward/ at the backside of the body

Eg.
The breastbone is anterior to the spine (Ang breastbone ay nasa harap ng spine)

The heart is posterior to the breastbone (Ang heart ay nasa likod ng breastbone)

24
Q

What’s the difference between medial, lateral, and intermediate?

A

Medial: toward/ at the midline of the body
Lateral: away from the midline of the body
Intermediate: between a more medial and a more Lateral structure

25
Proximal vs. Distal
Proximal: close to the origin of the body or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk (Mas malapit from the attachment) Distal: farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk (Mas malayo from the attachment)
26
Superficial vs deep
Superficial: toward/ at the body surface (Mas outside sa body) Deep: away from the body surface; more internal (Mas inside ng body)
27
What are the types of ordinary body movements?
Flexion, extension, rotation, abduction, adduction, circumduction
28
This type of ordinary body movement forms an acute angle between approximating body parts
Flexion
29
This type of ordinary body movement forms an obtuse angle between two parts; angle is increased; joint is straightened
Extension
30
Movement of the body part around its long axis
Rotation
31
Movement away from the midline of the body in the coronal plane
Abduction Eg. 2 arms sideward
32
Movement that is toward the body in coronal plane
Adduction Eg. Closing your arm after abduction
33
It is the combination of abduction and adduction
Circumduction
34
What are the special movements?
Protraction, retraction, elevation, depression, supination, pronation, inversion, eversion
35
It is to move forward as in forward movement of the jaw
Protraction
36
It is to move backward
Retraction
37
It is to raise a body part
Elevation
38
It is to lower a body part
Depression
39
It is the lateral rotation of the forearm from pronated position; palm faces forward just like in anatomical position
Supination (You should do pronation first before supination)
40
Medial rotation of the forearm wherein the back of the hand faces forward
Pronation
41
Inward movement of the foot/ sole faces an inward direction
Inversion
42
Opposite of inversion; faces lateral direction/ outward
Eversion
43
Organs in the right upper quadrant (4)
Colon, liver, right kidney, gallbladder
44
Organs in the left upper quadrant (4)
Stomach, spleen, part of pancreas, part of long intestine
45
Organs in the right lower quadrant
Appendix, right ovary (for female)
46
Organs in the left lower quadrant
Part of small intestine, part of large intestine, left ovary (for female)
47
It is the sum of all the chemical processes that occur in the body
Metabolism
48
It is the body's ability to detect and respond to changes in its environment
Responsiveness
49
It includes motion of the whole body, Individual organs, single cells, and even tiny organelles inside cells
Movement
50
It is an increase in body size.
Growth
51
The process whereby cells becomes specialized cells
Differentiation
52
The formation of new cells for growth, repair, or replacement or the production of a new individual
Reproduction
53
It is the maintenance of relatively stable conditions and ensures that the body's internal environment remains constant despite changes inside and outside the body
Homeostasis
54
Main organs in each quadrant in the abdomen
Left upper: stomach Left lower: sigmoid colon Right upper: liver Right lower: appendix

AnaPhy Prelims (6 decks)

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