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AnaPhy Prelims > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

It is composed of the skin, hair, oil and sweat glands, nails, and sensory receptors

A

Integumentary System

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2
Q

It covers the external surface of the body

A

Skin

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3
Q

It is the largest organ of the body in surface area and weight

A

Skin

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4
Q

It is the branch of medicine that deals with the structure, function, and disorders of the integumentary system

A

Dermatology

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5
Q

It is the superficial, thinner portion, which is composed of epithelial tissue

A

Epidermis

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6
Q

It is the deeper, thicker connective tissue portion

A

Dermis

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7
Q
  • deep to the dermis but not part of the skin
  • consists of areolar and adipose tissues
A

Subcutaneous layer/ hypodermis

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8
Q

This layer consists of areolar and adipose tissues

A

Subcutaneous layer/ hypodermis

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9
Q

This layer serves as a storage depot for fat and contains large blood vessels that supply the skin

A

Hypodermis/ subcutaneous layer

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10
Q
  • The subcutaneous layer contains this type of nerve endings
  • sensitive to pressure
A

Lamellated corpuscles

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11
Q

It is composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

A

Epidermis

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12
Q

It is arranged in 4 or 5 layers and produce the protein keratin

A

Keratinocytes

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13
Q

It is a tough, fibrous protein that helps protect the skin and underlying tissues from abrasions, heat, microbes, and chemicals

A

Keratin

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14
Q

It produces the pigment melanin

A

Melanocytes

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15
Q

It is a yellow-red/ brown-black pigment that contributes to skin color and absorbs damaging UV light

A

Melanin

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16
Q
  • participate in immune responses mounted against microbes that invade the skin
  • help other cells of the immune system recognize an antigen so that it can be destroyed
A

Intraepidermal macrophages

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17
Q

It has four strata/layers— stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, and a thin stratum corneum

A

Thin skin

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18
Q
  • exposure to friction is greatest
  • fingertips, palms, and soles
  • has 5 layers— stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and a thick stratum corneum
A

Thick skin

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19
Q

It is the deepest layer of the epidermis

A

Stratum basale

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20
Q

It is composed of a single row of cuboidal/ columnar keratinocytes

A

Stratum basale

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21
Q

Some cells in the stratum basale are _________ that undergo cell division to continually produce new keratinocytes

A

Stem cells

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22
Q

stratum basale

  • composed of a single row of cuboidal or columnar keratinocytes
  • the deepest layer
  • some cells in this layers are stem cells that undergo cell division to continually produce new keratinocytes
A
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23
Q

This is where 8 to 10 layers of many-sided keratinocytes fit closely together. This layer provides strength and flexibility to the skin

A

Stratum spinosum

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24
Q

It is the transfer of a patch of healthy skin taken from a donor site to cover a wound

A

Skin graft

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25
Q
  • if skin damage is so extensive that an autograph would cause harm, a self-donation procedure called ______________ may be used
  • most often for severly burned patients
A

Autologous skin transplantation

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26
Q
  • it consists of 3-5 layers of flattened keratinocytes that are undergoing apoptosis
  • presence of keratin
A

Stratum granulosum

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27
Q

Genetically programmed cell death in which the nucleus fragments before the cells die

A

Apoptosis

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28
Q

It releases a lipid-rich secretion that acts as a water-repellant sealant, retarding loss of body fluids and entry of foreign materials

A

Lamellar granules

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29
Q
  • present only in the thick skin of areas such as fingertips, palms, and soles
  • consists of 3-5 layers of flattened clear, dead keratinocytes that contain large amount of keratin
A

Stratum lucidum

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30
Q
  • consists of 25-30 layers of flattened dead keratinocytes
  • cells are continuously shed and replaced by cells from the deeper strata
A

Stratum corneum

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31
Q

Constant exposure of skin to friction stimulates the formation of?

A

Callus - an abnormal thickening of the stratum corneum

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32
Q

Constant exposure of skin to friction stimulates the formation of?

A

Callus

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33
Q

It is an abnormal thickening of the stratum corneum

A

Callus

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34
Q

What do you call when blood vessels dilate

A

Vasodilation

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35
Q

What are the two primary mechanisms the body uses for thermoregulation

A

Sweating and blood flow

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36
Q

Which glands are primarily responsible for sweat production during thermoregulation

A

Eccrine glands

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37
Q

What role do blood vessels endodermis play in thermoregulation

A

Increases the amount of heat loss

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38
Q

What is the effect of increased sweat evaporation on body temperature

A

Lowers temperature

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39
Q

_______ in the skin protects underlying tissues from microbes, abrasion, heat, and chemicals

A

Keratin

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40
Q

Lipids released by _________ inhibit evaporation of water from the skin surface

A

Lamellar granules

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41
Q

As the cells move from one epidermal layer to the next, they accumulate more and more keratin. This process is called?

A

Keratinization

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42
Q

It is the second, deeper part of the skin composed mainly of connective tissue containing collagen and elastic fibers

A

Dermis

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43
Q

It is a pigment produced by melanocytes in the skin and plays a crucial role in protecting the skin from the harmful effects of ultraviolet light

A

Melanin

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44
Q

It is a sensory perception that originates from the skin, Which is the body’s largest sensory organ

A

Cutaneous sensation

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45
Q

What are the four cutaneous sensations

A

Touch, pressure, temperature, pain

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46
Q

What are the two layers of the skin

A

Epidermis (top), dermis (beneath the epidermis)

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47
Q

It requires the activation of a precursor molecule in the skin by uv rays in sunlight

A

Synthesis of vitamin D

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48
Q

It is a type of intraepidermal macrophages that participate in immune responses

A

Langerhans cells

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49
Q

It detects touch sensations

A

Tactile epithelial cells

50
Q

It is the thickest sublayer within the epidermis

A

Stratum spinosum

51
Q

It consists of several layers of keratinocytes that provide structural strength and flexibility to the skin

A

Stratum spinosum

52
Q

This layer contains keratohyaline granules

A

Stratum granulosum

53
Q

This layer consists of flattened, clear, and dead keratinocytes

A

Stratum lucidum

54
Q

The layer wherein dead keratinocytes are continuously being shed

A

Stratum corneum

55
Q

Melanocytes can be found in which layer

A

Stratum basale

56
Q

Releases a lipid-rich secretion that acts as a water-repellent sealant, retarding loss of body fluids and entry of foreign materials

A

Lamellar granules

57
Q

What is the key difference between thin skin and thick skin

A

The thin skin lacks the stratum lucidum

58
Q

Where is the thick skin located

A

Palms and soles

59
Q

Where is the thin skin located

A

The rest of the body except palms and soles

60
Q

How many layers of epidermis does the thick skin and thin skin have

A

Thick skin: 5
Thin skin: 4

61
Q

Which type of skin have hair follicle

A

Thin skin

62
Q

This type of skin contains arrector pili muscle

A

Thin skin

63
Q

This type of skin contains sebaceous glands

A

Thin skin

64
Q

This type of skin contains sweat glands

A

Both the thick and thin skin contain sweat glands

65
Q

Thick skin
- palms and soles
- 5 layers including stratum lucidum
- have sweat glands

Thin skin
- rest of the body except palms and soles
- 4 layers
- has hair follicle
- has arrector pili muscle
- has sebaceous glands
- has sweat glands

A
66
Q

What are the 2 layers in the dermis?

A

Papillary layer and reticular layer

67
Q

Its surface area is increased by small finger-like projections and has nipple- shaped structures project into the under surface of the epidermis

A

Dermal papillae

68
Q

It is consist of dense irregular connective tissue containing bundles of collagen and some coarse elastic fiber

A

Reticular layer

69
Q

Is a form of internal scarring

A

Striae

70
Q

It is the internal damage to dermis when skin stretched too much

A

Stretch marks/ striae

71
Q

It results when the bonding between collagen fibers disrupted, small thermal blood vessels rupture

A

Stretch marks or striae

72
Q

Describe a striae

A

Appear reddish linear streaks or silvery white streaks

73
Q

It is the downward projections of the epidermis into the dermis

A

Epidermal ridges

74
Q

What’s the thickest and thinnest dermis?

A

Thickest: likod
Thinnest: eyelid

75
Q

It increases the surface contact between epidermis and dermis

A

Dermal Papillae

76
Q

It strengthens skin against shearing forces that attempt to separate these two

A

Dermal Papillae

77
Q

It is the inherited inability of an individual to produce melanin

A

Albinism

78
Q

It is the partial or complete loss of melanocytes from patches of skin produces irregular white spots

A

Vitiligo

79
Q

Dark-skinned individuals have ____ melanin in the ______

A

Large; epidermis

80
Q

It is the oxygen-carrying pigment in red blood cells

A

Hemoglobin

81
Q

It is a yellow-orange pigment 6hat gives egg yolk and carrots their color.

A

Carotene

82
Q

This precursor of vitamin A, which is used to synthesize pigments needed for vision, accumulates in the stratum corneum and fatty areas of the dermis and subcutaneous layer

A

Carotene

83
Q

What are the accessory structures of the skin

A

Hair, glands, nails

84
Q

It is made up of flattened structures of burning or cornified texture

A

Nail

85
Q

It is found on dorsal surfaces of the thermal phalanges,fingers and toes

A

Nail

86
Q

What are the three main parts of a nail

A

Nail body, free edge, nail root

87
Q

Thin, non-cornified epithelium in which the nail plate lies

A

Nail bed

88
Q

It is proximal and thicker part of the nail bed

A

Matrix

89
Q

It is responsible for nail growth

A

Matrix

90
Q

Most of the nail body is pink because of the underlying _____?

A

Blood capillaries

91
Q

These are present on most skin surfaces except the;
1. palms and soles
2. Dorsal surfaces of the terminal phalanges
3. Glans penis
4. Inner surfaces of the prepuce
5. Inner surfaces of the labia

A

Hair

92
Q

Hair are present in all parts of the body except?

A
  1. palms and soles
  2. Dorsal surfaces of the terminal phalanges
  3. Glans penis
  4. Inner surfaces of the prepuce
  5. Inner surfaces of the labia
93
Q

It develops from the gland like growth of the epidermis into the dermis which gives rise to the hair follicles

A

Hair

94
Q

The main body of the hair and it projects above the surface of the skin

A

Hair Shaft

95
Q

It is the portion below the surface that penetrates into the dermis and sometimes into the subcutaneous layer

A

Hair root

96
Q

The _______ is composed of two layers of epidermal cells, external and internal, root sheaths surrounded by a connective tissue sheaths

A

Hair follicle

97
Q

Base of each follicle is in large into an onion shaped structure

A

Hair bulb

98
Q

It is the bundles of smooth muscles typically associated with hair follicles

A

Arrector pili muscles

99
Q

It exerts pressure upon sebaceous glands, causes the discharge of their secretion into the hair follicle

A

Arrector pili muscles

100
Q

________ of the arrector pili muscles give rise to bumps in the skin or “goose flesh”

A

Contraction

101
Q

How does hair grow in relation to the skin’s surface

A

Hair grows oblique— at an angle from the skin’s surface

102
Q

This glands secrete an oily substance called sebum

A

Sebaceous glands

103
Q

It keeps the hair from drying out, prevents excessive evaporation of water from the skin, keeps the skin soft, and inhibits the growth of certain bacteria

A

Sebaceous glands

104
Q

What are the two types of sweat glands

A

It eccrine sweat glands and apocrine sweat glands

105
Q

This gland can be found throughout the skin of most regions of the body, especially the skin of the forehead, palms, and soles

A

Eccrine sweat glands

106
Q

This gland can be found in the skin of axillae, groin, areolae (skin surrounding the nipple), bearded regions of face, clitoris, and labia minora

A

Apocrine sweat glands

107
Q

This gland can be found in the external auditory canal or ear canal

A

Ceruminous glands

108
Q

Sebaceous glands excrete what type of substance?

A

Sebum

109
Q

The eccrine sweat glands and apocrine sweat glands secrete what substance?

A

Perspiration

110
Q

Ceruminous glands excrete what type of substance

A

Cerumen

111
Q

The functions of this gland are; regulation of the body temperature, waste removal, stimulated during emotional stress

A

Eccrine sweat glands

112
Q

This gland is stimulated during emotional stress and sexual excitement

A

Apocrine sweat glands

113
Q

This gland is relatively inactive during childhood and activated during puberty

A

Sebaceous gland

114
Q

This gland is activated soon after birth

A

Eccrine sweat glands and Ceruminous gland

115
Q

This gland is activated at puberty

A

Apocrine sweat glands

116
Q

In skin aging, this fiber decreases in numbers, stiffen. Break apart, and disorganize into a shapeless, matted tangle

A

Collagen fibers

117
Q

When the skin aged, this fiber lose some of their elasticity, thicken into clumps, and fray, an effect that is great accelerated in the skin of smokers

A

Elastic fibers

118
Q

It produces collagens and elastic fibers

A

Fibroblasts

119
Q

The skin forms the characteristic crevices and furrows known as _____ when fibroblasts decrease in number

A

Wrinkles

120
Q

Wrinkles are formed as a result of decrease in number of ________

A

Fibroblasts

121
Q

Nevus are common, benign growths on the skin, commonly known as?

A

Moles

122
Q

Protecting the skin from __________ is important in reducing the risk of moles becoming cancerous

A

Sun exposure

AnaPhy Prelims (6 decks)

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