Skeletal System Flashcards
axial skeleton
skull, sternum, vertebral column, and ribcage
appendicular skeleton
upper and lower extremities and the associated girdles that connect the extremities to the vertebral column
skeletal system consists of
bones, cartilage, and ligaments
connective tissue
Bone is an active form of connective tissue Functions in Skeletal System: Support Movement Protection Mineral storage Hematopoiesis
compact bone
outer shell
made of units called osteons
spongy or cancellous bone
bone tissue that is loosely organized
osteons
look like cylinders
contain a mineral matrix and living bone cells
Haversian canal
in each osteon
houses the bone’s blood vessels and nerve fibers
periosteum
fibrous membrane surrounding compact bone
consists of blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels that nourish the compact bone
Epiphysis
found at each end of the long bone
consists primarily of spongy bone with a thin layer of compact bone
Bone growth occurs at the epiphysis
Articular cartilage
covers the epiphysis
decreases frictions at the joints
Diaphysis
longest part of the long bone
consists primarily of compact bone
Medullary cavity
found inside the long bone
composed of red and yellow bone marrow
Red bone marrow
where hematopoiesis occurs
Yellow bone marrow
primarily fat cells
Long Bone (appearance)
Elongated bones; longer than they are wide
Long Bone (Function)
Mechanical strength
Exp: Femur, tibia, clavicle, humerus, and metacarpals
Flat Bone (appearance)
Broad bones that are thin
Flat Bone (function)
Site of muscle attachment; provide protection
Exp: Scapula, hip bone (os coxa), sternum, nasal bone, and occipital/ parietal/frontal bones of the skull
Irregular Bone (appearance)
Have a non-uniform shape that cannot be classified as any other bone type
Irregular Bone (function)
Mechanical support for the body
Exp: Vertebrae
Sesamoid Bone (appearance)
Small Bones
Seasmoid Bone (function)
Mechanical support; provide protection
Exp: Patella (kneecap)
Short Bone (appearance)
About same width as length
Short Bone (Function)
Provide support; little movement
Exp: Carpal and tarsal bones of the wrist and feet
Ossification
process of bone formation that occurs first during embryonic development
soft, flexible cartilage—> hard bone
growth plates
end of long bones
made of cartilage
bone remodeling
Mature bone tissue is constantly being broken down through a process called bone resorption
Through ossification, new bone tissue replaces this old bone
Osteocytes (bone cells)
produce collagen and other substances that create the extracellular matrix of bone
Osteoblasts (bone cells)
bone-forming cells
found on the surface of bone and can be stimulated to differentiate into other type of bone cells called osteocytes
Osteoclasts (bone cells)
called bone-resorbing cells
found on the surface of bone. They dissolve the bone
