Skeletal System

Question 1

axial skeleton

Answer 1

skull, sternum, vertebral column, and ribcage

Question 2

appendicular skeleton

Answer 2

upper and lower extremities and the associated girdles that connect the extremities to the vertebral column

Question 3

skeletal system consists of

Answer 3

bones, cartilage, and ligaments

Question 4

connective tissue

Answer 4

Bone is an active form of connective tissue
Functions in Skeletal System:
Support
Movement
Protection
Mineral storage
Hematopoiesis

Question 5

compact bone

Answer 5

outer shell

made of units called osteons

Question 6

spongy or cancellous bone

Answer 6

bone tissue that is loosely organized

Question 7

osteons

Answer 7

look like cylinders

contain a mineral matrix and living bone cells

Question 8

Haversian canal

Answer 8

in each osteon

houses the bone’s blood vessels and nerve fibers

Question 9

periosteum

Answer 9

fibrous membrane surrounding compact bone

consists of blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels that nourish the compact bone

Question 10

Epiphysis

Answer 10

found at each end of the long bone

consists primarily of spongy bone with a thin layer of compact bone

Bone growth occurs at the epiphysis

Question 11

Articular cartilage

Answer 11

covers the epiphysis

decreases frictions at the joints

Question 12

Diaphysis

Answer 12

longest part of the long bone

consists primarily of compact bone

Question 13

Medullary cavity

Answer 13

found inside the long bone

composed of red and yellow bone marrow

Question 14

Red bone marrow

Answer 14

where hematopoiesis occurs

Question 15

Yellow bone marrow

Answer 15

primarily fat cells

Question 16

Long Bone (appearance)

Answer 16

Elongated bones; longer than they are wide

Question 17

Long Bone (Function)

Answer 17

Mechanical strength

Exp: Femur, tibia, clavicle, humerus, and metacarpals

Question 18

Flat Bone (appearance)

Answer 18

Broad bones that are thin

Question 19

Flat Bone (function)

Answer 19

Site of muscle attachment; provide protection

Exp: Scapula, hip bone (os coxa), sternum, nasal bone, and occipital/ parietal/frontal bones of the skull

Question 20

Irregular Bone (appearance)

Answer 20

Have a non-uniform shape that cannot be classified as any other bone type

Question 21

Irregular Bone (function)

Answer 21

Mechanical support for the body

Exp: Vertebrae

Question 22

Sesamoid Bone (appearance)

Answer 22

Small Bones

Question 23

Seasmoid Bone (function)

Answer 23

Mechanical support; provide protection

Exp: Patella (kneecap)

Question 24

Short Bone (appearance)

Answer 24

About same width as length

Question 25

Short Bone (Function)

Answer 25

Provide support; little movement

Exp: Carpal and tarsal bones of the wrist and feet

Question 26

Ossification

Answer 26

process of bone formation that occurs first during embryonic development

soft, flexible cartilage—> hard bone

Question 27

growth plates

Answer 27

end of long bones

made of cartilage

Question 28

bone remodeling

Answer 28

Mature bone tissue is constantly being broken down through a process called bone resorption

Through ossification, new bone tissue replaces this old bone

Question 29

Osteocytes (bone cells)

Answer 29

produce collagen and other substances that create the extracellular matrix of bone

Question 30

Osteoblasts (bone cells)

Answer 30

bone-forming cells

found on the surface of bone and can be stimulated to differentiate into other type of bone cells called osteocytes

Question 31

Osteoclasts (bone cells)

Answer 31

called bone-resorbing cells

found on the surface of bone. They dissolve the bone