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TEAS- Smart Edition > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Blood

A

fluid connective tissue that circulates throughout the body, carrying substances to and away from bodily tissues

pH of about 7.4 and is more viscous than water

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2
Q

blood- formed elements

A

plasma, molecules, cell fragments, and debris

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3
Q

What’s in formed elements

A

formed elements consist of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes

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4
Q

Plasma

A

extracellular matrix

different from other types of connective tissue because it is a fluid.

Consisting of about 92% water, formed elements remain suspended in the matrix where they are circulated throughout the body

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5
Q

Blood transports

A

Gases, nutrients, wastes, hormones

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6
Q

Gases

A

Blood delivers oxygen from the lungs to all cells in the body. It also transports carbon dioxide to the lungs for elimination from the body

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7
Q

Nutrients

A

Blood transports nutrients from the digestive tract and storage sites in the body to various places in the body

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8
Q

Wastes

A

Blood transports waste products to the liver, where they are excreted as bile. Waste products also travel by blood to the kidneys when they need to be excreted as urine

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9
Q

Hormones

A

Blood transports hormones from the glands where they are produced to their target organs

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10
Q

Albumin

A

main protein in blood, accounting for roughly 60% of the plasma proteins in blood. It plays a role in water balance and functions as a carrier protein, shuttling certain molecules throughout the body

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11
Q

Blood helps regulate…

A

temperature, chemical balance, and water balance

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12
Q

Blood regulating temp

A

plasma and the speed of blood flow. Plasma is able to absorb or give off heat

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13
Q

vasodilate

A

vessels expand

blood flows slowly, causing heat loss. This occurs when the temperature of the external environment is high

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14
Q

vasoconstrict

A

external environmental temperatures are low, blood vessels contract

causing less heat to be released

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15
Q

Hemostasis

A

activated when blood vessels are damaged

maintain blood in its fluid state and stops blood from leaking out of a damaged blood vessel through clot formation

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16
Q

Hemostasis steps

A

1) Vascular spasm
2) Platelet Plug
3) Blood Coagulation

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17
Q

vascular spasm aka vasoconstriction

A

blood vessels constrict to reduce blood loss. Reducing blood loss for several hours, this process works best with small blood vessels

18
Q

platelet plug formation

A

Platelets adhere to the epithelial wall of the blood vessel and aggregate by sticking together. This creates a temporary seal over the damaged site

19
Q

blood coagulation aka blood clotting

A

process is a series of events that strengthen the platelet plug by using fibrin threads to form a mesh around the plug. The protein mesh functions as a molecular glue, securing the plug to the damaged site. Red blood cells and platelets remain trapped at the damaged site, forming a clot that facilitates wound healing

20
Q

Blood classification

A

Blood group is a way to classify blood according to inherited differences of red blood cell antigens found on the surface of a red blood cell

type of antibody in blood also identifies a particular blood group

21
Q

Antibodies

A

proteins found in the plasma

They function as part of the body’s natural defense to recognize foreign substances and alert the immune system

22
Q

Blood group A

A

Displays type A antigens on the surface of a red blood cell and contains B antibodies in the plasma

23
Q

Blood group B

A

Displays type B antigens on the red blood cell’s surface and contains A antibodies in the plasma

24
Q

Blood group O

A

Does not display A or B antigens on the surface of a red blood cell. Both A and B antibodies are in the plasma

25
Q

Blood group AB

A

Displays type A and B antigens on the red blood cell’s surface, but neither A nor B antibodies are in the plasma

26
Q

Rh factor

A

protein may exist on a red blood cell’s surface. Because this protein can be either present (+) or absent (-), it increases the number of major blood groups from four to eight: A+, A-, B+, B-, O+, O-, AB+, and AB-

27
Q

antiserum

A

mixed w/sample of blood type to determine individuals blood type

28
Q

cardiovascular system

A

circulates substances throughout the body using blood as a transporting mechanism

organs of the cardiovascular system work together to supply cells and tissues with oxygen and nutrients and remove cellular wastes such as carbon dioxide. Blood, heart, and blood vessels form this system

*blood circulation closed loop system

Arteries ->arterioles-> capillaries
Veins-> venules -> capillaries

29
Q

3 types of blood vessels

A

arteries, veins, and capillaries

30
Q

capillaries

A

tiny vessels that form a network around tissues

31
Q

Heart location

A

found between the lungs in the middle of the chest. It rests behind and slightly to the left of the sternum, or breastbone

32
Q

Heart composition

A

heart is a muscular organ composed primarily of cardiac muscle. It consists of four chambers: two upper chambers called the atria and two lower chambers called the ventricles. The atria are separated from the ventricles by a muscular structure called the septum. Three layers make up the heart wall. These are the pericardium or outer layer, the myocardium or middle layer, and the endocardium or innermost layer

33
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

regulates blood flow between the right atrium and right ventricle

34
Q

Pulmonary valve

A

regulates blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery

35
Q

Mitral valve

A

regulates blood flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle

36
Q

Aortic valve

A

regulates blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta. The aorta is the largest artery in the body

37
Q

cardiac cycle

A

complete cycle beginning with atrial contraction and ending with ventricular contraction

38
Q

systole

A

When the heart contracts and pumps blood into systemic circulation

39
Q

Diastole

A

refers to the period of relaxation when the heart chambers fill with blood

40
Q

electrocardiogram, or EKG

A

graph that shows the heart’s rate and rhythm over a period of time- records electrical activity

*heart is a muscle transmits electrical impulses that cause the heart to contract

41
Q

Waves of EKG

A

first wave- P wave
indicates atrial contraction or systole

QRS complex represents the combination of Q, R, and S waves
indicates ventricular systole or contraction

T wave indicates ventricular diastole
flat line between the S and T wave is the ST segment

TEAS- Smart Edition (18 decks)

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