Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Blood

Answer 1

fluid connective tissue that circulates throughout the body, carrying substances to and away from bodily tissues

pH of about 7.4 and is more viscous than water

Question 2

blood- formed elements

Answer 2

plasma, molecules, cell fragments, and debris

Question 3

What’s in formed elements

Answer 3

formed elements consist of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes

Question 4

Plasma

Answer 4

extracellular matrix

different from other types of connective tissue because it is a fluid.

Consisting of about 92% water, formed elements remain suspended in the matrix where they are circulated throughout the body

Question 5

Blood transports

Answer 5

Gases, nutrients, wastes, hormones

Question 6

Gases

Answer 6

Blood delivers oxygen from the lungs to all cells in the body. It also transports carbon dioxide to the lungs for elimination from the body

Question 7

Nutrients

Answer 7

Blood transports nutrients from the digestive tract and storage sites in the body to various places in the body

Question 8

Wastes

Answer 8

Blood transports waste products to the liver, where they are excreted as bile. Waste products also travel by blood to the kidneys when they need to be excreted as urine

Question 9

Hormones

Answer 9

Blood transports hormones from the glands where they are produced to their target organs

Question 10

Albumin

Answer 10

main protein in blood, accounting for roughly 60% of the plasma proteins in blood. It plays a role in water balance and functions as a carrier protein, shuttling certain molecules throughout the body

Question 11

Blood helps regulate…

Answer 11

temperature, chemical balance, and water balance

Question 12

Blood regulating temp

Answer 12

plasma and the speed of blood flow. Plasma is able to absorb or give off heat

Question 13

vasodilate

Answer 13

vessels expand

blood flows slowly, causing heat loss. This occurs when the temperature of the external environment is high

Question 14

vasoconstrict

Answer 14

external environmental temperatures are low, blood vessels contract

causing less heat to be released

Question 15

Hemostasis

Answer 15

activated when blood vessels are damaged

maintain blood in its fluid state and stops blood from leaking out of a damaged blood vessel through clot formation

Question 16

Hemostasis steps

Answer 16

1) Vascular spasm
2) Platelet Plug
3) Blood Coagulation

Question 17

vascular spasm aka vasoconstriction

Answer 17

blood vessels constrict to reduce blood loss. Reducing blood loss for several hours, this process works best with small blood vessels

Question 18

platelet plug formation

Answer 18

Platelets adhere to the epithelial wall of the blood vessel and aggregate by sticking together. This creates a temporary seal over the damaged site

Question 19

blood coagulation aka blood clotting

Answer 19

process is a series of events that strengthen the platelet plug by using fibrin threads to form a mesh around the plug. The protein mesh functions as a molecular glue, securing the plug to the damaged site. Red blood cells and platelets remain trapped at the damaged site, forming a clot that facilitates wound healing

Question 20

Blood classification

Answer 20

Blood group is a way to classify blood according to inherited differences of red blood cell antigens found on the surface of a red blood cell

type of antibody in blood also identifies a particular blood group

Question 21

Antibodies

Answer 21

proteins found in the plasma

They function as part of the body’s natural defense to recognize foreign substances and alert the immune system

Question 22

Blood group A

Answer 22

Displays type A antigens on the surface of a red blood cell and contains B antibodies in the plasma

Question 23

Blood group B

Answer 23

Displays type B antigens on the red blood cell’s surface and contains A antibodies in the plasma

Question 24

Blood group O

Answer 24

Does not display A or B antigens on the surface of a red blood cell. Both A and B antibodies are in the plasma

Question 25

Blood group AB

Answer 25

Displays type A and B antigens on the red blood cell’s surface, but neither A nor B antibodies are in the plasma

Question 26

Rh factor

Answer 26

protein may exist on a red blood cell’s surface. Because this protein can be either present (+) or absent (-), it increases the number of major blood groups from four to eight: A+, A-, B+, B-, O+, O-, AB+, and AB-

Question 27

antiserum

Answer 27

mixed w/sample of blood type to determine individuals blood type

Question 28

cardiovascular system

Answer 28

circulates substances throughout the body using blood as a transporting mechanism organs of the cardiovascular system work together to supply cells and tissues with oxygen and nutrients and remove cellular wastes such as carbon dioxide. Blood, heart, and blood vessels form this system *blood circulation closed loop system Arteries ->arterioles-> capillaries Veins-> venules -> capillaries

Question 29

3 types of blood vessels

Answer 29

arteries, veins, and capillaries

Question 30

capillaries

Answer 30

tiny vessels that form a network around tissues

Question 31

Heart location

Answer 31

found between the lungs in the middle of the chest. It rests behind and slightly to the left of the sternum, or breastbone

Question 32

Heart composition

Answer 32

heart is a muscular organ composed primarily of cardiac muscle. It consists of four chambers: two upper chambers called the atria and two lower chambers called the ventricles. The atria are separated from the ventricles by a muscular structure called the septum. Three layers make up the heart wall. These are the pericardium or outer layer, the myocardium or middle layer, and the endocardium or innermost layer

Question 33

Tricuspid valve

Answer 33

regulates blood flow between the right atrium and right ventricle

Question 34

Pulmonary valve

Answer 34

regulates blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery

Question 35

Mitral valve

Answer 35

regulates blood flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle

Question 36

Aortic valve

Answer 36

regulates blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta. The aorta is the largest artery in the body

Question 37

cardiac cycle

Answer 37

complete cycle beginning with atrial contraction and ending with ventricular contraction

Question 38

systole

Answer 38

When the heart contracts and pumps blood into systemic circulation

Question 39

Diastole

Answer 39

refers to the period of relaxation when the heart chambers fill with blood

Question 40

electrocardiogram, or EKG

Answer 40

graph that shows the heart’s rate and rhythm over a period of time- records electrical activity *heart is a muscle transmits electrical impulses that cause the heart to contract

Question 41

Waves of EKG

Answer 41

first wave- P wave indicates atrial contraction or systole QRS complex represents the combination of Q, R, and S waves indicates ventricular systole or contraction T wave indicates ventricular diastole flat line between the S and T wave is the ST segment