Skeletal System Flashcards
The skeletal system has many functions. Fill in a few. Provides \_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_. Generating \_\_\_\_\_ cells. Allows movement Stores \_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_, and calcium Guiding growth of entire \_\_\_\_\_.
support; protection
blood
fat; iron; calcium
body
There are 2 sections of the skeletal system: the ______ skeleton and the ______ skeleton.
axial; apendicular
The axial skeleton consists of ____ bones along the _____ axis.
80; midline
The axial skeleton is grouped into bones in the _____, ____, _____, and ______ column.
skull; ribs; sternum; vertebral column
The appendicular skeleton consists of _____ bones around the ____ and ___ limbs and the ___ and ____ girdles.
126; upper; lower; pelvic; pectoral
The appendicular anchors _____ and allows for _____.
muscles; movement
There are two bone components. The non-living bone cells called the _____ and the living bone cells called _______.
matrix; osteocytes
What makes up the matrix, the non-living component of the bone?
water collagen protein calcium phosphate calcium carbonate crystals
Osteocytes play a vital part in _____, _____, and ____ of bones.
growth; development; repair
Where are osteocytes found in bone?
at the edges of bones and throughout bone matrix in small cavities
There are 3 layers to a bone. What are they?
Periosteum; Compact bone; cancellous (spongy) bone
The topmost layer of bone is the _______.. It is a layer of ______ tissue and _____ fibers that anchor tendons ad muscles.
periosteum; connective; collagen
What are the two types of cells in the periosteum that are necessary for growth and repair of bones?
stem and osteoblast cells
The periosteum contain nerve _____ and _____, and blood _____.
tissue; endings; vessels
Under the periosteum, you will find ______ bone, which gives the bone _____.
compact bone; strength
Compact bone is made out of _____ salts and ____ fibers and in its cavities one can find _____.
mineral salts; collagen fibers; osteocytes
Under a layer of compact bone, there is _____ (spongy) bone at the ends of long bone and vertebrae.
cancellous
Spongy bone is less _____, but has a large ____ _____.
dense; surface area
What is functional unit of spongy bone and what does it do?
trabecula; provides structural support
Where is red bone marrow held in the bone?
the trabecula in the spongy bone
The living bone cells of the bone are called the ________.
Osteocytes
The cells responsible for the synthesis and mineralization of bone during bone formation are called the ________.
osteoblasts
Osteoblasts _____ bone; osteoclasts ______ bone.
build; crash
________ are multi-nucleated cells responsible for the dissolution and absorption of bone.
Osteoclasts
What is the process of bone formation called? When does it begin?
Ossification; 3rd month of fetal life
Ossification take what two forms?
Compact bone (80% of skeleton) and cancellous bone
Blasts are _______ bone cells and cytes are _______ bone cells.
Immature; mature
Osteocytes communicate through long channels called the ________; the osteocytes occult this space.
lacunae
What connects the lacunae together?
canaliculi
The process of making blood is called __________.
Hematopoiesis
Where does hematopoiesis occur?
In the red bone marrow
In the red bone marrow, the production of ______ blood cells occurs, along with ________ blood cells.
red; white
What kind of hematopoietic stem cells are RBC and WBC, and platelets, made from?
Myeloid stem cells
T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes are formed from ______ stem cells.
lymphoid
Yellow bone marrow is the site for ______ ___________.
Fat storage
Red bone marrow decreases at the end of __________ and is replaced by what?
puberty; yellow bone marrow
Name the 5 types of bones.
Long; Flat; Short; Irregular; Sesamoid
What is the major bone of the limb, often times longer than it is wide?
Long bones
The end of a long limb is called the _________ and the long narrow middle is called the __________.
Epiphysis; diaphysis
In the long bone, red bone marrow is found in the ________, while yellow bone marrow is found in the __________.
epiphysis; diaphysis
The growth plate of a long bone is called the __________.
metaphysis
Name 2 examples of a long bone.
Humerus
Femur
The _______ bone and _______ bone are sites for hematopoiesis.
Long; flat
The long bone provides the framework for _________.
Movement
Short bones are ______ shaped or _____, and are usually as long as they are wide.
Cube; round
Name 2 examples of a short bone.
Carpal bones of the wrist
Tarsal bones of the foot
________ bones are expanded into long, flat plates and their principle function is to extensive _________.
Flat; Protection
Name 3 examples of flat bones.
Ribs
Sternum
Plates of the skull (occipital, parietal, frontal)
________ bones do not fit the classification of the others, and serve various purposes in the body, like providing structure or protection.
Irregular
Give 2 examples of irregular bones.
Sacrum
Vertebrae
_________ bones are inside tendons across from the joints.
Sesamoid
Sesamoid bones are not present in all people, give an example of 2.
Patella
Pisiform bone
How many bones make up the skull?
22
The skulls number one function is the protect the ______ and _______ organs for vision, hearing, taste, scent, and balance.
brain; sense organs
What is the only moveable bone in the skull?
Mandible (jaw bone)
The upper part of the skull is called the _______, which protects the brain.
Cranium
The _______ bone is the only bone in the body not attached to any other bone.
hyoid
What is the function of the hyoid bone? 2 functions
To keep the trachea open
To anchor the tongue muscles.
The _________ ________ are important bones that play a role in hearing. Are they apart of the skull?
auditory ossicles; no
Name the 3 auditory ossicles.
Malleus
Incus
Stapes
The vertebral column is also known as the _______.
spine
The spine runs from the ________ all the way down to the _________.
base of skull; coccyx
There are _______ vertebrae in the spine, plus the ______ and the ______.
24; sacrum; coccyx
Name the 3 groups of the spine.
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
There are ______ cervical vertebrae.
7
There are ______ thoracic vertebrae.
12
There are _____ lumbar vertebrae.
5
The breastbone is called the _______
sternum
How do the ribs connect to the sternum?
Through cartilage called coastal cartilage.
There are ______ pairs of ribs.
12
Where to the ribs attach in the back?
The thoracic vertebrae.
The first 7 ribs attach to the _______. Ribs 8-10 attach to the _______ between the ______ and ribs.
Ribs 11 and 12 attach to _______.
sternum
cartilage;sternum
attach to nothing
Ribs 1-10 protect the _______ and ______.
Ribs 11 and 12 protect the _______.
heart; lungs
kidneys
The first 7 ribs are known as ______ ribs.
Ribs 8-12 are known as the _________ ribs.
true
false
Apart of the appendicular skeleton is the ________ _______, which connects the limbs to the axial skeleton.
pectoral girdle
The pectoral girdle is formed from the L&R ________ and _______.
clavicle; scapula
What 2 bones are the ball and socket of the shoulder joint?
Humerus and scapula
What 2 bones form the elbow joint?
Ulna and the humerus
What bone allows the turning movement of the wrist?
Radius
Your wrist joint is made up of the ________ bones and the 8 _______ bones.
forearm; carpal
The carpal bones connect to 8 ________ bones.
metacarpal
Metacarpal bones connect to the _______, which are the bones of the fingers.
phalanges
How many phalanges are in each finger?
3 in each finger EXCEPT for the thumb, which only has 2
What connects the lower limbs to the axial skeleton? This include the left and right ______ bones.
Pelvic Girdle; hip
The hip joint is the product of the _______ bone and the _______, which is the largest bone in the body.
hip; femur
The kneecap is known as the _______.
patella
The knee joint is what 3 bones coming together?
Femur; patella; tibia
What are the lower two leg bones, usually found in what we known as the shin and calf?
The tibia and fibula
The _______ is larger and usually carries the weight of the body, while the _________ anchors the muscle.
Tibia: fibula
What three bones come together to form the ankle joint?
tibia; fibula; talus
The foot has _____ tarsal bones, ______ metatarsals, and _____ phalanges, except for in the big toe, where there is only _____ phalanges.
7; 5; 3; 2
A _______ is when bones come in contact with other _______, or with cartilage or teeth.
joint; bones
Name the 3 types of joints.
Synovial; fibrous; cartilaginous
The most common joint in the body is the ______ joint as it allows the most _______.
synovial; movement
The gap between the bones of a synovial joint is filled with _________ ________ allowing the bones to be lubricated.
synovial fluid
Name two examples of synovial joints.
Hip joint; elbow joint
In a _______ joint, the bones fit tightly together, with LITLLE to NO movement.
fibrous
Give some examples of a fibrous joint.
Teeth in the socket
Joints of the skull
A __________ joint are two bones held together by cartilage, with more movement than fibrous but less than synovial.
cartilaginous
Give an example of a cartilaginous joint.
Vertebrae
