Digestive System Flashcards
The digestive system is responsible for the ______ and ______ of food and the removal of food _____ _____.
intake; processing; waste products.
The GI tracts consists of the organs through which food passes on its way through the body. Try to name the 6.
oral cavity pharynx esophagus stomach small intestine large intestines
What are some accessory organs to the digestive system, meaning that while food does not pass directly through them, they still have a role in processing food?
teeth tongue salivary glands liver gallbladder pancreas
Oral cavity aka the _____.
mouth
The digestive system begins with the ______, which contains ______ that aid in digestion.
mouth; teeth
Teeth are made out of ______.
dentin
What accessory organ is also in the mouth, that contains the taste buds and moves food around as it is processed by the teeth?
tongue
The ______ _____ produce saliva.
salivary glands
How many pairs of salivary glands are there? The saliva they produce lubricates and digests ______.
3; carbohydrates
What is the tube that enables the passage of food and air further into the body?
pharynx
The needs the help of what respiratory organ?
the epiglottis
The epiglottis allows food to pass from the pharynx into the _______, by closing up the covering to the ______.
esophagus; larynx
When you breathe in, is the esophagus open or closed?
closed - so air can pass only into the larynx
A _______ is any circular muscle that controls movement of substances through passageways.
sphincter
What begins at the pharynx and carries food all the way to stomach?
esophagus
During vomiting, the ______ helps push food ____.
esophagus; up
What are on opposite ends of the esophagus, closing when food is not passing through?
two rings of muscle called sphincters
When does heartburn occur?
When the bottom sphincter of the esophagus cannot close entirely and allows the contents of the stomach to enter the esophagus.
What part of the stomach connects it to the esophagus? This is also where the lower sphincter of the esophagus is located.
cardia
The largest part of the stomach is called the _____.
body
The last part of the stomach is the _____, located beneath the body. The part of the stomach located above the body is called the _____.
pylorus; fundus
The pylorus controls the passage of partially digested food further down the GI tract through the ______ sphincter.
pyloric
Name the 4 layers of tissue that make up the stomach.
Mucosa - innermost
Submucosa
Muscularis
Serosa
What tissue layer of stomach secretes hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes? The cells that secrete these products are located in pores called what?
mucosa; gastric pits
Around the mucosa tissue layer of stomach is the _______, which is made up of _______ tissue.
submucosa; connective tissue
The submucosa contains _____ and _____ ______.
nerves; blood vessels
What layer of tissue in the stomach enables the movement? It is made up of how many layers of smooth muscle?
muscularis; 3
The outermost layer of the stomach is called the ______. It secretes _____ ____ to keep the stomach wet and reduce friction between the stomach and surrounding organs.
serosa; serous fluid
After the stomach comes the digestive organ the _____ _____.
small intestine
Name the 3 parts of the small intestine
duodenum; jejunum; ileum
What part of the small intestine receives the food and chemicals from the stomach?
duodenum
What part of the small intestine are the nutrients of our food absorbed into our blood?
jejunum
After the jejunum, leftover nutrients continue being absorbed in the _____.
ileum
What on the walls of the small intestine increase the surface area available for absorption?
villi
The liver aids in digestion by producing _____, which aids in the digestion of fats.
bile
What organ stores and releases bile after it is produced?
gallbladder
After the skin, the largest organ in the body is the ______.
liver
The liver is involved in the _______ of blood, storage of ______, and production of blood _____.
detoxification; nutrients; plasma
Is the liver and pancreas necessarily a part of the GI tract?
no - they just play roles in digestion
The pancreas secretes what hormones that help control blood sugar levels?
insulin; glucagon
The pancreas is an _______ and ______ gland, meaning it is a heterocrine gland.
endocrine; exocrine
_______ glands release substances directly into the bloodstream while ______ glands release chemical substances through ducts either outside the body or to other surfaces of the body.
endocrine; exocrine
How is the pancreas an endocrine gland?
it releases insulin and glucagon directly into the bloodstream
How is the pancreas an exocrine gland?
it produces digestive enzymes that pass into the small intestine
Name the enzymes the pancreas produces to digest nucleic acids.
ribonuclease; deoxyribonuclease
Name the enzyme that the pancreas produces to break down large polysaccharides into smaller sugars.
pancreatic amylase
Does any digestion take place in the large intestine?
No - it absorbs water and leftover vitamins
The large intestine carries waste to the ______ to be expelled through the _____.
rectum; anus
