Respiratory System Flashcards
The main function of the respiratory system is that it is responsible for the intake of ___________ and the removal of _______ ________.
oxygen; carbon dioxide
What body parts make up the upper respiratory system?
Nose; nasal cavity; olfactory membrane; pharynx (throat); mouth; epiglottis; larynx
What body parts make up the lower respiratory system?
Trachea
Bronchi
Lungs
Breathing muscles
What is the primary body part for air intake and the removal of CO2?
the nose
Name the 3 functions of the nose?
filtering; moisturizing; warming of air
The nose protects the ______ ______.
nasal cavity
The nasal cavity is lined with ____ and ____ to stop _____ from getting to the respiratory system.
hair; mucous; contaminants
The nose and nasal cavity contain _____ _____, that are responsible for your sense of smell.
olfactory membranes
Olfactory epithelium contains olfactory _____ cells.
receptor
What on the outside of the olfactory epithelium is stimulated to send a signal through the receptor cells?
cilia
The signal sent through the receptor cells goes into the olfactory bulb which converges with the olfactory receptors to make up the ____ _____ ____.
first cranial nerve
The mouth is not the primary breathing organ, but what 2 advantages does it have over the nose?
larger in size; closer to the lungs
The pharynx, also known as the ______, is made up of ______ muscles connected to a gag reflex.
throat; 17
What are the 3 components of the pharynx?
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx
Which part of the pharynx does air come in and pass through first? It is the first place that air will come in and is superior to the soft palate.
nasopharnyx
The nasopharnyx connects to the _____ tubes in the middle ears. They allow air pressure in the eardrum to be ______.
eustachian tubes; equalized
What part of the pharynx starts at the soft palate, traveling down to the epiglottis? Hint: it is where air enters in from the mouth and the same passageway used for transporting food.
oropharynx
Which part of the pharynx does both air and food pass through, it begins at the epiglottis and leads down the esophagus?
larygopharynx
What could inflame the eustachian tubes, maybe causing an earache?
a common cold or the flu
What body part apart of the upper respiratory system sits on top of the larynx, like a flap?
epiglottis
When you swallow, the epiglottis covers the ______. When you breathe, the epiglottis covers the _______.
trachea; esophagus
Air enters the _____; food enters the _____.
trachea; esophagus
The epiglottis is made of _____ _____.
elastic cartilage
Your voice box is also known as your _____.
larynx
Where is the larynx located?
between the pharynx and trachea
To produce sound, air passes through the larynx, and vibrates ____ _____ ____.
mucous membrane folds
What three things make up the larynx?
epiglottis; thyroid cartilage; cricoid cartilage
Thyroid cartilage that is external cartilage plates come together to prevent the collapse of the larynx is sometimes referred to as the ____ _____.
adam’s apple
In the lower respiratory tract, the windpipe is known as the ______.
trachea
The trachea is located between the ______ and the ______
larynx and the bronchi
The trachea is ____ tissue, _____ muscle, and is made up of ____ cartilage rings.
fibrous; smooth; 20
In the trachea, the inner lining is ______ tissue that contains goblet cells, which produce _____.
epithelial; mucous
What are small hairlike projections on the epithelial tissue that trap particles and filter mucous as air travels down the trachea?
cilia
What removes the foreign particles on the surface of the trachea after the cilia capture it?
the lymphatic vessels
The lungs are split into lobes. The right lung has ____ lobes, and the left lung has ___ lobes.
3; 2
The left lung is distinguishable from the right lung because it has the _____ _____, which houses the heart.
cardiac notch
Think of the trachea to the alveoli like a tree branch. The trachea would be the ______; primary, secondary, and tertiary bronchi the _______; the bronchioles the ______; and the alveoli the _____.
trunk; branches; twigs; flowers
The bronchioles are made up of _____ muscle and _____ fiber tissue, allowing them to easily change diameter.
smooth; elastic
Where does gas exchange take place in the lungs?
alveoli
The alveoli are are surrounded by the ______.
capillaries
The alveolus is covered in _____ fluid and helps keep the alveolar sac moist.
alveolar fluid
The lungs contain the _____, _______, ___-__, and ____ ______.
bonchi; bronchioles; alveoli; blood vessels
The double layered membrane surrounding the lungs is called the ______.
pleura
The outer layer of the pleura is called the ______ pleura and the inner layer called the _____ pleura. The cavity in between is called the ____ _____.
parietal pleura; visceral pleura; pleural cavity
The pleural cavity allows the lungs to _____.
expand
At the site of the alveoli, _______ crosses the membrane out, and _____ _____ crosses the membrane into the alveoli.
oxygen; carbon dioxide
The skeletal muscle under the lungs that sits as the floor of the thorax is called the _______.
diaphragm
The muscles in between the ribs that help with inspiration and expiration are called the _______ muscles.
intercostal
The internal intercostal muscles help with breathing ______ by depressing the ribs and compressing the thoracic cavity.
Hint: think opposites - INternal - breathing ____
out
The external intercostal muscles help with breathing ____.
Hint: think opposites - EXternal - breathing ___
in
When breathing, gases travel from an area of ____ pressure to an are of ____ pressure.
high pressure; low pressure
The pressure inside the lungs is called ______ pressure. The pressure outside the body is called the _______ pressure.
intrapulmonary; atmospheric
When inhaling, volume in the lungs ______, causing the diaphragm to move _____.
increases; down
Inhalation - Intrapulmonary volume ______
Intrapulmonary pressure ______.
Pressure in the lungs is _____ than the atmosphere.
increases
decreases
lower
When exhaling, volume in the lungs _____, causing the diaphragm _____.
decreases; up
Exhalation - Intrapulmonary volume _____
Intrapulmonary pressure ______
Pressure in the lungs is ________ than the atmosphere.
decreases
increases
higher
The total lung capacity is the amount of gas in the lungs after _____ ______.
max inspiration
The vital capacity is the amount of gas that can be ______ after maximum _____.
exhaled; inspiration
The residual volume is the amount of gas remaining in the lungs after a ______ ______.
maximum expiration
Total lung capacity = ____ _____ + _____ _____
vital capacity + residual volume
Tidal volume is the amount a person ______ and _____ during normal shallow breathing.
inhales; expires
IRV is how much you can inhale beyond a normal ______.
inhalation
ERV is the amount of gas an individual can _____ beyond a normal expiration.
exhale
