Immune System Flashcards
The immune system is primarily responsible for acting as a line of ______ against _____ that enter the body.
line of defense; pathogens
_______ are any foreign substances that cause disease or infection.
Pathogens
Pathogens include:
viruses
bacteria
fungi
The immune system is split into what two systems?
Innate and adaptive
How does the innate system prevent disease vs the adaptive system?
The innate system uses nonspecific defenses to prevent disease; the adaptive system targets specific pathogens.
What is the bodies first line of defense against microorganisms that can cause harm?
the skin acts as a barrier
What traps pathogens that enter the mouth, eyes, or nose?
cilia; tears; mucus; saliva
What does the innate immune system initiate as a response to pathogens that have entered the body?
inflammation
If a body tissue is damaged, the local tissue releases what to raise the temperature of the body and increase blood flow to that area?
histamines
When your body increases blood flow to an area of injury, you are increasing the amount of _______ flowing that site for tissue repair.
neutrophils
When enough pathogens enter the body, the body will trigger the release of enough histamines to raise the overall body temp, resulting in a _______, which is another innate immune response.
fever
Innate Response - _________ ______ destroy bacteria by interfering with the functions of their membranes and DNA
Antimicrobial Peptides
________ causes nearby cells to increase their defenses and can possibly inhibit virus replication.
interferon
The adaptive immune system ________ targets pathogens and attacks them based on their specific ______.
specific; properties
What is a substance that exists on the surface of a pathogenic cell that the immune system does not recognize?
antigens
The main actors of the adaptive immune system (specific) are the _______.
lymphocytes
Two types of lymphocytes:
B and T lymphocytes
B - lymphocytes are produced in the _____ _____.
bone marrow
T - lymphocytes mature in the ______.
thymus
The B - lymphocytes participate in the ______ response.
humoral response
T - lymphocytes participate in the ____ - _____ response.
cell mediated
The humoral respons e of the B - lymphocytes comes into play when the virus is basically floating around _____ of the cells.
outside
When the virus infiltrate the cells, the ___ lymphocytes are activated.
T
White blood cells are called ________.
leukocytes
What are the two classes of white blood cells?
granular and agranular leukocytes
What are the granular leukocytes?
neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils
What classes are the agranular leukocytes divided into?
lymphocytes
monocytes
What is the first lymphocyte to detect an antigen?
T - Cell
When a phagocyte ingests a pathogen cell, T-cells are alerted to the presence of _______ that now exist in the phagocyte membrane.
antigens
What type of T-Cell is activated in an immune response, and acts as the coordinator of the immune response?
Helper T - Cells
Why are helper T - Cells called the coordinators of the immune response?
they can stimulate one of two different kinds of immune responses
What two responses can a helper T-Cell stimulate in an immune response?
The cytotoxic T-Cells and the B-Cells
The cytotoxic T-Cells act in a ____ - ______ response.
cell - mediated response
The cytotoxic cells ____ to the _______ cell’s surface in order to kill it.
bind; targeted
When B cells are triggered, an ______ - ________ response is triggered.
antibody - mediated response
Antibodies are _______ that bind to the antigen to _______ it and stimulate phagocytes to ingest the entire structure.
bind; neutralize
What are the two types of B cells that arise in an antibody mediated response?
plasma cells; memory cells
What produces antibodies?
plasma cells
What stores the info from the antibodies, then are quickly sprung into action if the same antigen appears in the body?
memory cells
The resistance to a now-known pathogen is called ______.
immunity
Memory B - cells are the underlying mechanisms behind _______.
vaccines
Neutrophils, a granulocyte are the ______ ______ and quickly migrate to the site of _______ to destroy bacterial invaders.
first responders; infections
Eosinophils, a granulocyte, attack _______ _______.
multicellular parasites
Basophils, a granulocyte, is a large cell responsible for _________ ______, including ______.
inflammatory reactions; allergies
What type of monocyte engulfs and destroys microbes, foreign substances, and cancer cells?
macrophage
Name whether the following are innate or adaptive immunity. Neutrophil Eosinophil Basophil B-Cells T-Cells Natural Killer Cells Marophage
Neutrophil - innate Eosinophil - innate Basophil - innate B - Cells - adaptive T - Cells - adaptive Natural Killer Cells - both Marcophage - both
Natural Killer Cells destroy ____ - _____ cells and _____ cells.
virus - infected cells; tumor
