Circulatory System Flashcards
The main function of the circulatory system is to circulate ______, _____, and other ________ throughout the body.
Gases
Wastes
Substances
The circulatory system is made up of what 3 components?
Blood
Heart
Blood Vessels
What are the 2 loops of the circulatory system?
Pulmonary
Systemic
The pulmonary loop circulates blood from the _____ to the ______ and functions on the ________ side of the heart.
heart; lungs; right
The pulmonary loop of the circulatory system has blood that is _________.
deoxygenated
The systemic loop of the heart takes blood from the ______ to the rest of the _______. The blood is ________.
heart; body; oxygenated
In the pulmonary circuit, gas exchange takes place in the _______. In the systemic circuit, gas exchange takes place in the ________.
Lungs; capillaries
Veins carry blood _______ the heart. Arteries carry blood ______ from the heart.
toward; away
Outloud, track the path of blood through the heart and body.
Blood flows in through the superior and inferior vena cava; right atrium; tricuspid valve; right ventricle; pulmonary valve; R&L pulmonary arteries; deoxygenated blood delivered to lungs; pulmonary veins; left atrium; mitral valve; left ventricle; aortic valve; aorta; aortic arch; oxygenated blood delivered to the body
Name the 2 atrioventricular valves.
Tricuspid
Mitral
What muscles in the heart hold the AV Valves into place?
Papillary muscles
What connects the AV valves to the papillary muscles? These muscles help the AV valves ______ and ______, keeping blood flowing in the right direction.
chordae tedinae; close; open
What part of the heart separates the two ventricles from each other, and remains membranous (thin) in some parts and muscular (thick) in others?
Inter-ventricular Septum
A defect in the thin part of the inter ventricular septum, sometimes seen in infants, is called a ____ _____ _____. It is when there is a small _____ that connects the _______.
VSD - Ventricular Septal Defect; hole; ventricles
The cavity that houses the heart is called the ______ cavity, that resides in the ________ cavity.
pericardial cavity; thoracic cavity
The pericardial cavity is lined by _________, which produces a serous fluid to _______ the heart chamber.
pericardium; lubricate
Name the 3 layers of heart muscle.
Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium (Pericardium)
The thin, inner layer of the heart is the _______, where RBC flow against and come in contact with.
Endocardium
The _______ is the biggest chunk of the heart wall, and performs the pumping. This is where the heart gets ______.
Myocardium; energy
The inner most layer of the heart is the ________. It has 2 layers.
________ Epicardium
Gap
________ Epicardium
epicardium
Visceral epicardium
Parietal epicardium
The epicardium is made of up __________ tissue.
connective tissue
Name the 4 chambers of the heart.
Right and left atria
Right and left ventricles
Which ventricle is thicker than the other, as it has to pump blood to the rest of the body?
The left; the right only pumps to the lungs.
Name the semilunar valves.
Pulmonary
Aortic
The AV valves keep blood from going back into the ______. The semilunar valves keep blood from going back into the ______.
atria; ventricles
Depolarization of the heart is going from _______ to _______.
negative; positive
The SA Node is a group of cells that ______ by themselves. They have ______, meaning they can start depolarization without being told to by other cells.
depolarize; automaticity
The SA Node tells the ______ to contract.
atria
What connect the SA node cells to its neighboring cells, starting almost a “wave” of depolarization?
Gap junctions
What bundle depolarizes the left atrium at the same time as the right atrium? It connects the SA Node to cells in the left atrium.
Bachmann’s Bundle
The SA Node is connected to the AV Node by ________ ________.
Internodal tracks
Why is there a delay in the electrical conduction between the SA Node and AV Node?
There has to be a delay between the atrial and ventricular contraction to allow for the coordination of blood flow. If both pumping at same time, coordination of blood will be off.
The AV Node tells the ______ to contract.
Ventricles
From the AV Node, a signal is sent into the ________ of _____.
Bundle of His
The Bundle of His splits into the _____ and _____ bundle of His. The left Bundle of His turns into the left anterior and posterior _____.
right; left; fascicles
The electrical conduction of the heart flows from the bundle of His eventually to the ______ ______, stimulating the ventricles.
Perkinje fibers
The center of a blood vessel is called the ______.
lumen
What are the three layers of a blood vessel?
Tunica: Intima, Media, and Externa
The Tunica Intima is the inner most layer of a blood vessel. It is made up of _______ cells and the ________ membrane.
endothelial cells
basement membrane
The Tunica Media is the middle layer of the blood vessels and is made up of _______ muscle.
Smooth
The Tunica Externa is the external layer of the blood vessels and is special as it has small blood vessels that supply it called _____ ______.
Vasa vasorum
What are the two main veins of the body?
Inferior/Superior Vena Cava
Veins are _____ and not under as much pressure as _______.
thin; arteries
Veins that connect to the capillaries are called ________.
Venules
Arteries come in large/middle sized and small sized. The large size arteries are more elastic as they carry more blood volume. They are elastic because they contain ________.
Elastin
Small arteries are called _________. They contain tons of ______ and can help create change to resistance if there needs to be a change in _______ _______.
arterioles; muscle; blood pressure
Arteries that carry blood to the capillaries are called ________
Arterioles
The smallest blood vessels are called _______.
capillaries
Capillaries enable cells to exchange what 3 things?
Nutrients
Gas
Cellular waste
Capillaries connect to _______ on one side and ______ on the other.
arterioles; venules
What are the 3 types of capillaries?
Continuous; Fenestrated; Discontinuous/Sinusoids
The largest artery in the body is the ______.
Aorta
The aortic arch branches off into what 3 arteries?
Brachiocephalic Artery; Left Common Carotid Artery; Left Subclavian Artery
The brachiocephalic Artery takes blood to the ______ and _____.
Brain; head
The brachiocephalic Artery also converges into the ______ _____ _____, which delivers blood to the _____ _____.
right subclavian Artery; right arm
The left common carotid Artery delivers blood to the ______.
Brain
The left subclavian Artery delivers blood to the _____ _____.
left arm
What artery supplies the lungs?
Pulmonary artery
The ________ _______ delivers blood to the abdomen and lower body and pelvis through the ______ arteries
descending aorta; iliac arteries
The only veins in the body that carry oxygenated blood are the ______ ______.
pulmonary veins
Veins rely on _______, _______ _____, and ______ to get blood to the heart.
inertia; muscle work; gravity
Blood is made up of what 5 components?
RBCs Hemoglobin WBC Platelets Plasma
RBCs are also known as _________ and produced in the _____ ____ _______.
erythrocytes; red bone marrow
The main function of RBCs are to transport _______. They have a large surface area due to their _______ shape.
oxygen; biconcave
The red pigment in RBCs is called _______. It is rich in ______ and _______, allowing the cells to transport oxygen.
hemoglobin; iron; protein
WBCs are also called __________, and are stored in the ________ system. They make up less than ______% of the TBV.
leukocytes; lymph system; 1%
Platelets are also known as _________ and are vital for ______ _______. Where are these formed?
thrombocytes; blood clotting; red bone marrow
The liquid part of blood is known as the _________, making up 55% of the total volume.
Plasma
What makes up plasma?
Proteins Glucose Nutrients Cell waste Various gases
