Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Sport > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Sports Trivia flashcards
1
Q

What are the two skeletons?

A

Axil

Appendicular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two types of postural deviations?

A

Kyphosis (hunched back)

Scoliosis (sideways curvature)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many slight curves should there be while the spine is in a neutral alignment?

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How does bone growth occur?

A

Through a process called ossification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the epiphyseal plate?

A

The growth plate where bone tissue is naturally added

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How do bone cells comprise?

A

Osteoblasts form bone by secreting collagen

Osteoclasts remove bone, dissolve bone mineral which is then removed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the functions of the skeleton?

A 
Framework
Movement
Leverage
Weight bearing 
Protection
Blood cell production 
Minerals

Way to remember- Fake Mums Like Water Proof Black Mascara

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the types of bone?

A 
Long
Sesamoid 
Short
Flat
Irregular

Way to remember- Lanky Sea Sharks Find Iceland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the characteristic and examples of long bones?

A

Longer than they are wide

Femur, ulnar and phalanges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are short bones?

A

they are as short as there are wide

Carpals, tarsals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the characteristics and examples of flat bones?

A

Broad, flat and normally thin bones

Pelvis, sternum and ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the characteristics and examples of sesamoid bones?

A

Held within tendons covered in cartilage

Patella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the characteristics and examples of irregular bones?

A

Irregular shape

Vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the function of long bones?

A

Source of red blood cells production, essential for oxygen delivery
Enable large movements, allowing increased speed or range in which an object can be moved
Act as levers to generate more force on an object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the function of short bones?

A

Increase stability and reduce unwanted movement

Are weight bearing, helping the body to remain upright or hold balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the function of sesamoid bones?

A

Ease joint movement, meaning more fluid

Resist friction so movement is not slowed down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the function of flat bones?

A

Protect vital organs to reduce injury
Enable muscle attachment to create movement
Produce blood cells in adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the three types of joints?

A

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is a fibrous joint?

A

These are joints that are fixed and allow no movement such as the sacrum and coccyx

Way to remember- Fibrous Fixed (FF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is a cartilaginous joint?

A

These joints are slightly moveable joints, such as between the lumbar vertebrae

Way to remember- Cartilaginou(S)lightly Movable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is a synovial joint?

A

These are freely movable joints
they are important in sport because they provide the greatest range of movement
The shape of the bones at the joint determines the range of movement
For example, due to the shape of the bones forming the knee, we can only bend and straighten the leg at the knee

Way to remember- sYnovial FreelY (YY)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the different types of synovial joints?

A 
Condyloid 
Pivot
Hinge
Gliding
Saddle
Ball and socket

Way to remember- Cats Poke Hefty Gents Showing Balls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is a condyloid joint?

A

This joint allows movement in two places
It allows flexion, extension, adduction, abduction and circumduction
Formed between the radius and ulna and the carpals at the wrist allows the gymnast to put their hand flat on to the bar to maintain their weight

24
Q

What is a pivot joint?

A

There is a pivot joint at the elbow and between the first and second vertebrae
These joints allow twisting or rotation
Formed between the first and second vertebrae at the neck allows the player to tilt the head back to watch the ball

25
Q

What is a gliding joint?

A

This joint is formed between the bones of the wrist and the foot
The bones glide over each other to allow sliding or twisting movements
For example, the hand action in hockey as you dribble the ball
Formed between the tarsals and metatarsals of the foot increases the flexibility of the foot, allowing the player to turn the foot to kick the ball

26
Q

What is a hinge joint?

A

Examples of these are found at the elbow, knee and ankle
They allow flexion and extension
Formed between the humerus and the radius and ulna at the elbow allows the volleyball player to bend the arm to serve the ball

27
Q

What is a saddle joint?

A

This joint is formed between the carpals and metacarpals at the base of the thumb
The movements are the same as the condyloid
Formed between the carpals and metacarpals at the base of the thumb allows the tennis player to grip the racquet and the ball

28
Q

What is a ball and socket joint?

A

These joints give the greatest range of movement
Ball and socket joints at the hip and shoulder allow flexion, extension, adduction, and rotation
Formed between the femur and pelvis at the hip allows the hurdlers to lift the leg to clear the hurdle

29
Q

What are the components of synovial joints?

A 
Bone 
Muscle 
Bursa
Synovial fluid
Tendon
Articular cartilage
Synovial membrane 
Ligament 
Joint capsule

Way to remember- Bulky Men Break Strong Tables As Strong Limbs Jump

30
Q

What is articular cartilage?

A

A shiny, elastic material

Designed to reduce friction and absorb shock

31
Q

What are ligaments?

A

Connects bone to bone, holding the bones in the correct position
They stabilise the joint

32
Q

What is the function of synovial membrane?

A

Secretes synovial fluid

33
Q

What is the bursa?

A

Found in the major synovial joints
Reduce mechanical friction in the joint
They act as a cushion between bone and another part of the joint
Such as tendons or muscles

34
Q

What is the joint capsule?

A

Surrounds the synovial joint
It is attached to the outer layer of the bones forming a joint
It seals the joint and provides stability to the joint

35
Q

What is the function of synovial fluid?

A

Lubricates and reduces friction in the joint
Supplies nutrients to the joint
Removes waste products from the joint

36
Q

How to muscles and tendons work with the skeletal system?

A

Must be present In a joint
No way to move bones without them present at a joint
Tendon attaches the muscle to bone and the muscle contracts to bring about the movement

37
Q

What are the ranges of movement possible at joints?

A 
Flexion
Extension
Planter flexion
Dorsiflexion
Abduction
Adduction
Horizontal abduction
Horizontal adduction 
Hyperextension 
Lateral flexion 
Horizontal flexion
Lateral flexion of the spine 
Circumduction 
Rotation

Way to remember- HAHA HE F(e)LL DR(amati)C(ly)

38
Q

What is flexion?

A

Reducing the angle of the bones forming the joint

Example- during a bicep curl (lifting phase)

39
Q

What is extension?

A

The angle between the bones at the joint increases and the arm is returned to the anatomical position
Example- Bicep curl (lowering phase)

40
Q

What is plantarflexion?

A

Occurs at the ankle
Pointing the toes
Example- Ballet

41
Q

What is dorsiflextion?

A

Occurs at the ankle
The toes are pulled nearer to the lower leg
Example- Kick up (football)

42
Q

What is abduction?

A

A sideways movement away from the midline of the body

Example- Layup (basketball)

43
Q

What is adduction?

A

A sideways movement towards the midline of the body

Example- Handstand (gymnastics)

44
Q

What is horizontal abduction?

A

Movement away from the midline of the body but horizontally (parallel to the floor) rather than vertically
Example- Tennis

45
Q

What is horizontal adduction?

A

Movement towards the midline of the body but horizontally (parallel to the floor) rather than vertically
Example- Tennis

46
Q

What is horizontal flexion?

A

At the shoulder
Similar to horizontal adduction
The elbow faces outwards as the arms are moved to the midline of the body horizontally
Example- Discus

47
Q

What is horizontal extension?

A

At the shoulder
Lateral movement away from the midline of the body horizontally, moving the upper arm away from the chest with elbows at the side
Example- Discus

48
Q

What is hyperextension?

A

At the spine
Extension of the spine is movement back to the anatomical position
Hyperextension is a continuation of this movement so that the neck moves further away from the chest or spine moves away from the pelvis
Example- Gymnastics

49
Q

What is lateral flexion of the spine?

A

Movement away from the midline of the body so the spine moves from side to side
This can occur at the cervical vertebrae and thoracic an lumbar vertebrae

50
Q

What is circumduction?

A

This is a conical movement
Occurs at the shoulder
The hand will describe a circle
Example- Butterfly (swimming)

51
Q

What is rotation?

A

A circular movement that occurs when the bone at the joint turns around an axis
Example- Gold drive

52
Q

What are responses of the skeletal system?

A

Increased mineral uptake
Increased production of collagen
Reduction in viscosity of the synovial fluid Increase pliability of the ligaments
Ways to remember- Monkeys Catch Violins

53
Q

What are the adaptations of the skeletal system?

A

Increased bone density and strength
Increased ligament strength
Increased thickness of articular cartilage
Ways to remember- Big Lumpy Cows

54
Q

What are some additional factors that are effected by the skeletal system?

A

Arthritis

Osteoporosis

55
Q

What is arthritis?

A

There are two types:
Osteoarthritis- articular cartilage thins, pain and lack of mobility, difficult to exercise
Rheumatoid arthritis- causes inflammation of joint, due to a build-up of fluid, exercise can increase the risk of exercise

56
Q

What is osteoporosis?

A

Reduction in bone density, it can be caused by a lack of calcium, vitamin D and a sedentary lifestyle
Reduction in bone mass makes the bones more brittle
Higher levels of weight bearing physical activity can reduce age related bone loss (strength training)

Sport (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions