Energy System

Question 1

What are the three energy systems?

Answer 1

ATP-PC
Lactate system
Aerobic system

Question 2

What is ATP?

Answer 2

Adenosine tri-phosphate

Chemical form of energy that our body uses for muscle contractions

Question 3

Where is ATP stored?

Answer 3

In muscle cells

Immediately accessible form of energy for exercise

Question 4

How long does ATP last for?

Answer 4

2-3seconds

Question 5

Describe the breakdown of ATP for muscle contraction?

Answer 5

The bond joining the final phosphate in the ATP chain breaks, releasing energy, ADP and a single phosphate

Question 6

Describe the resynthesise of ATP for future muscle contraction?

Answer 6

Energy is provided by one of the three energy systems to rebuild the bond between ADP and a single phosphate to resynthesise ATP

Question 7

What type of activity’s need the ATP-PC system?

Answer 7

Anaerobic
short in duration
Require the use of fast twitch muscle fibres
Rely on strength, speed or power

Question 8

What is the ATP-PC system?

Answer 8

The energy required to resynthesise ATP is provided by phosphocreatine

Question 9

How long can the ATP-PC system last for?

Answer 9

There is enough PC in the muscle cell to continue to resynthesise ATP for approx. 8-10seconds of physical work

Question 10

What is an advantage of the ATP-PC system?

Answer 10

Energy is released quickly so no waste products are formed

Question 11

What is an disadvantage of the ATP-PC system?

Answer 11

There are limited stores of PC

It takes 2-3minuits to fully recover these stores

Question 12

How is energy created in the ATP-PC system?

Answer 12

The chemical bond between the phosphate and creatine molecule breaks, releasing energy that is then used to resynthesise ATP

Question 13

What is the lactate system?

Answer 13

Anaerobic
Short duration high intensity exercises
carbohydrates are broken down by the body to form glucose
some of this glucose goes into the blood stream, some is converted into glycogen and stored in muscle cells and liver

Question 14

What is the process of anaerobic glycolysis?

Answer 14

Two ATP molecules are used to provide energy for the breakdown of glycogen and glucose
Pyruvate is formed
Without oxygen, pyruvate is converted into lactate
Four ATP are produced, giving a net gain of 2 ATP molecules for energy for high-intensity exercise

Question 15

How long can the lactate system be used for?

Answer 15

1-2 Minuets of intense exercise

Question 16

How long does it take the lactate system to recover?

Answer 16

8 Minuets will aid the removal of lactate from the muscles and also give time to replace the glycogen stress in the muscles

Question 17

What is an advantage of the aerobic energy system?

Answer 17

Yields large number of ATP molecules compared to the other energy systems
Ideal for endurance activity’s

Question 18

What is a disadvantage of the aerobic energy system?

Answer 18

Releasing the larger quantity’s of energy involves more chemical reactions
Makes the system slower, and unsuitable for anaerobic activity as it can not produce the required amount of energy quickly enough for intense activity

Question 19

What fuels the aerobic system?

Answer 19

Stored fats and carbohydrates

Which are then broken down into glycogen, glucose and fatty acids

Question 20

What are the three main processes within the aerobic energy system?

Answer 20

Glycolysis
Krebs cycle
Electron transport chain

Question 21

What is glycolysis?

Answer 21

This is identical to anaerobic glycolysis
However due to the presence of oxygen, pyruvate is broken down later in the process rather than forming lactate
Two net ATP molecules are produced

Question 22

What is the Krebs cycle?

Answer 22

Takes place in the mitochondria
The pyruvate from anaerobic glycolysis forms Acetyl-CoA, which is broken down, using oxygen to form CO2 and hydrogen
Two ATP molecules are released

Question 23

What is the electron transport chain?

Answer 23

Final part of the process

Hydrogen from kerbs cycle combines with oxygen to form H2O as a waste product, and 34molecules of ATP are produced

Question 24

What is the recovery time for the aerobic system?

Answer 24

Few hours to 2-3days depending on intensity

Question 25

What is an adaptation of the ATP-PC system?

Answer 25

Increased store of creatine (allow the ATP-PC system to be used for longer)

Question 26

What is an adaptation of the ATP-PC system?

Answer 26

Increased tolerance to lactic acid (therefore the muscles don't become as fatigued as quickly)

Question 27

What are some adaptations of the aerobic system?

Answer 27

Increased ability to use fats as a fuel source Increased storage of glycogen Increased number of mitochondria

Question 28

What are some additional factors that effect the energy systems?

Answer 28

Diabetes Hypoglycaemic attacks Lactate system in children

Question 29

What is diabetes?

Answer 29

A health condition caused by the body's inability to regulate the amount of glucose in the blood There is a lack of insulin or function of insulin that means glucose remains in the blood rather than travelling into the cells Diabetes impacts the amount of energy we can use from the food fuel There are two types type 1 and 2

Question 30

What is a hypoglycaemic attack?

Answer 30

When blood sugar falls too low Exercise can increase likely hood of an attack Aerobic activity can lower blood glucose Anaerobic activity's can increase it Having the glucose levels too high or low it can negatively effect energy and therefore performance levels

Question 31

What is the lactate system in children like?

Answer 31

The lactate system is still developing during childhood (not fully developed until 20) this is due to: Lack of muscle mass Lower glycogen stores Fewer essential enzymes required for energy production

Question 32

What are some implications caused to children due to there lactate system?

Answer 32

Children would not gain much for training anaerobically as their lactate system would not be able to adapt to the training Children are better suited to aerobic exercise as their bodies can adapt and make improvements