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Energy System Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three energy systems?

A

ATP-PC
Lactate system
Aerobic system

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2
Q

What is ATP?

A

Adenosine tri-phosphate

Chemical form of energy that our body uses for muscle contractions

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3
Q

Where is ATP stored?

A

In muscle cells

Immediately accessible form of energy for exercise

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4
Q

How long does ATP last for?

A

2-3seconds

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5
Q

Describe the breakdown of ATP for muscle contraction?

A

The bond joining the final phosphate in the ATP chain breaks, releasing energy, ADP and a single phosphate

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6
Q

Describe the resynthesise of ATP for future muscle contraction?

A

Energy is provided by one of the three energy systems to rebuild the bond between ADP and a single phosphate to resynthesise ATP

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7
Q

What type of activity’s need the ATP-PC system?

A

Anaerobic
short in duration
Require the use of fast twitch muscle fibres
Rely on strength, speed or power

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8
Q

What is the ATP-PC system?

A

The energy required to resynthesise ATP is provided by phosphocreatine

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9
Q

How long can the ATP-PC system last for?

A

There is enough PC in the muscle cell to continue to resynthesise ATP for approx. 8-10seconds of physical work

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10
Q

What is an advantage of the ATP-PC system?

A

Energy is released quickly so no waste products are formed

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11
Q

What is an disadvantage of the ATP-PC system?

A

There are limited stores of PC

It takes 2-3minuits to fully recover these stores

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12
Q

How is energy created in the ATP-PC system?

A

The chemical bond between the phosphate and creatine molecule breaks, releasing energy that is then used to resynthesise ATP

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13
Q

What is the lactate system?

A

Anaerobic
Short duration high intensity exercises
carbohydrates are broken down by the body to form glucose
some of this glucose goes into the blood stream, some is converted into glycogen and stored in muscle cells and liver

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14
Q

What is the process of anaerobic glycolysis?

A

Two ATP molecules are used to provide energy for the breakdown of glycogen and glucose
Pyruvate is formed
Without oxygen, pyruvate is converted into lactate
Four ATP are produced, giving a net gain of 2 ATP molecules for energy for high-intensity exercise

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15
Q

How long can the lactate system be used for?

A

1-2 Minuets of intense exercise

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16
Q

How long does it take the lactate system to recover?

A

8 Minuets will aid the removal of lactate from the muscles and also give time to replace the glycogen stress in the muscles

17
Q

What is an advantage of the aerobic energy system?

A

Yields large number of ATP molecules compared to the other energy systems
Ideal for endurance activity’s

18
Q

What is a disadvantage of the aerobic energy system?

A

Releasing the larger quantity’s of energy involves more chemical reactions
Makes the system slower, and unsuitable for anaerobic activity as it can not produce the required amount of energy quickly enough for intense activity

19
Q

What fuels the aerobic system?

A

Stored fats and carbohydrates

Which are then broken down into glycogen, glucose and fatty acids

20
Q

What are the three main processes within the aerobic energy system?

A

Glycolysis
Krebs cycle
Electron transport chain

21
Q

What is glycolysis?

A

This is identical to anaerobic glycolysis
However due to the presence of oxygen, pyruvate is broken down later in the process rather than forming lactate
Two net ATP molecules are produced

22
Q

What is the Krebs cycle?

A

Takes place in the mitochondria
The pyruvate from anaerobic glycolysis forms Acetyl-CoA, which is broken down, using oxygen to form CO2 and hydrogen
Two ATP molecules are released

23
Q

What is the electron transport chain?

A

Final part of the process

Hydrogen from kerbs cycle combines with oxygen to form H2O as a waste product, and 34molecules of ATP are produced

24
Q

What is the recovery time for the aerobic system?

A

Few hours to 2-3days depending on intensity

25
Q

What is an adaptation of the ATP-PC system?

A

Increased store of creatine (allow the ATP-PC system to be used for longer)

26
Q

What is an adaptation of the ATP-PC system?

A

Increased tolerance to lactic acid (therefore the muscles don’t become as fatigued as quickly)

27
Q

What are some adaptations of the aerobic system?

A

Increased ability to use fats as a fuel source
Increased storage of glycogen
Increased number of mitochondria

28
Q

What are some additional factors that effect the energy systems?

A

Diabetes
Hypoglycaemic attacks
Lactate system in children

29
Q

What is diabetes?

A

A health condition caused by the body’s inability to regulate the amount of glucose in the blood
There is a lack of insulin or function of insulin that means glucose remains in the blood rather than travelling into the cells
Diabetes impacts the amount of energy we can use from the food fuel
There are two types type 1 and 2

30
Q

What is a hypoglycaemic attack?

A

When blood sugar falls too low
Exercise can increase likely hood of an attack
Aerobic activity can lower blood glucose
Anaerobic activity’s can increase it
Having the glucose levels too high or low it can negatively effect energy and therefore performance levels

31
Q

What is the lactate system in children like?

A

The lactate system is still developing during childhood (not fully developed until 20) this is due to:
Lack of muscle mass
Lower glycogen stores
Fewer essential enzymes required for energy production

32
Q

What are some implications caused to children due to there lactate system?

A

Children would not gain much for training anaerobically as their lactate system would not be able to adapt to the training
Children are better suited to aerobic exercise as their bodies can adapt and make improvements

Sport (6 decks)

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