Respiratory System

Question 1

What is the parts of the respiratory system? (In order)

Answer 1

Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Epiglottis
Trachea
Lungs
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Diaphragm
Thoracic cavity 

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Question 2

What is the purpose of the nasal cavity?

Answer 2

Hairs in the nose will filter out dust pollen and foreign bodies
Air is warmed and moistened
Cilia transports foreign particles to the pharynx

Question 3

What is the pharynx?

Answer 3

Base of throat cervical vertebra composed of skeletal muscle throughout
It is a path way for food as well as air so special adaptations occur to allow for this

Question 4

What is the Larynx?

Answer 4

Also known as the voice box

Contains vocal cords and connects the pharynx to the trachea

Question 5

What is the trachea?

Answer 5

Wind pipe
12cm long 2cm wide
Contains rings of cartilage to prevent it collapsing

Question 6

What is the epiglottis?

Answer 6

A small flap of cartilage at the top of the trachea which closes the top of the trachea when you swallow

Question 7

What are lungs?

Answer 7

Are the organ that allows oxygen to be drawn into the body

The paired right and left lung takes up most of the thoracic cavity and extend to the diaphragm

Question 8

What are the bronchi?

Answer 8

They branch off the trachea and carry air to the lungs
3 on the right 2 on the left
Cleaned of all impurity’s by the time it reaches this point

Question 9

What are the bronchioles?

Answer 9

These are small airways that extend from the bronchi to them to the alveoli

Question 10

What are Alveoli’s?

Answer 10

At the end of the bronchioles there is a mass of sacs known as alveoli
300million in each lung
Responsible for the transport of oxygen

Question 11

What is the diaphragm?

Answer 11

Flat muscle that is located beneath the lungs

It separates the chest with the abdomen drawing air into the body and removing gases

Question 12

What is the thoracic cavity?

Answer 12

This is a chamber of the chest that is protected by the ribs cavity

Question 13

What happens during inspiration?

Answer 13

Intercostal muscles between the ribs contract putting the chest walls up and out
The diaphragm muscles bellow the lungs contracts and flattens, increasing the size of the chest
The lungs increase in size so the pressure inside them falls, this causes air to be released

Question 14

What happens during expiration?

Answer 14

Intercostal muscles between the ribs relax so that the chest moves in and down
The diaphragm muscle bellow the lungs relaxes and bulges up reducing the size of the chest
The lungs decrease in size so the pressure inside increases and air is pushed up the traches and forced up and out

Question 15

What do internal and external intercostal muscles do?

Answer 15

internal- move ribs down and inwards, decrease volume of chest cavity (expiration)
External- Move the ribs up and out, increases volume of chest cavity (inspiration)

Question 16

How is breathing controlled? and what is the neural process of this?

Answer 16

This is controlled by the medulla obligated in the brain (respiratory centre)
Impulses are sent to the neurons which control breathing

Question 17

How is breathing controlled? and what is the chemical process of this?

Answer 17

Chemoreceptors sense changes in co2 and PH levels

Located in aorta and carotid artery’s

Question 18

what is the process of gaseous exchange?

Answer 18

Takes place in the alveoli
Air is breathed in
Which the oxygen is then transported by the red blood cells to the alveoli
It then diffuses through the way and into the capillaries which turns it into co2
This then diffuses back into the alveoli and breathed out

Question 19

What is respiratory rate?

Answer 19

How many breaths you take per minuet which is 15liter of air

This increases to 30-40 breaths when exercising

Question 20

What is tidal volume?

Answer 20

Is the amount you breath in and out in one normal breath

Question 21

What is Minuit volume?

Answer 21

Is the volume of air you breath in one Minuit

Question 22

what is residual volume?

Answer 22

Is the amount of air left in your lungs after you have breathed out as hard as you can

Question 23

What is vital capacity?

Answer 23

Is the maximum volume afar you can breath out after breathing in as much as you can

Question 24

What is expiratory reserve volume?

Answer 24

The additional volume of air you can breath out after normal expiration
Roughly an additional 1500cm2 of air
After normal breath your lungs contain the residual volume and expiratory reserve volume

Question 25

What is inspiratory reserve volume?

Answer 25

The additional volume of air you can breath in beyond the tidal volume
Roughly an additional 3000cm2 of air

Question 26

What is your total lung volume?

Answer 26

The total lung capacity when inhaling as much as possible
Maximum inspiration
This is roughly 6000cm2 for an average adult male

Question 27

What are the different responses of the respiratory system?

Answer 27

Increased tidal volume

Increased breathing rate

Question 28

What are the different adaptations of the respiratory system?

Answer 28

Increased vital capacity
strength of respiratory muscles
Increased oxygen and carbon dioxide diffusion rate

Question 29

What factors are affected by the respiratory system?

Answer 29

Asthma

Altitude/ partial pressure

Question 30

What is asthma?

Answer 30

A condition where the broccoli of the lungs become inflamed which causes difficulty in breathing
It usually is connected to allergic reaction or other forms of hypersensitivity
During exercises we usually breath more quickly causing cold and dry air to travel to our lungs irritating the airway which can cause the muscles around the airway to tighten, increasing the chance of experiencing an asthma flare up

Question 31

What is altitude training?

Answer 31

This is the practice by some endurance athletes of training for several weeks at high altitude, preferable to be 2,400meters above sea level though more community at intermediate altitudes
During altitude training there is a decrease in oxygen causing more red blood cells to be created