Respiratory System Flashcards
What is the parts of the respiratory system? (In order)
Nasal cavity Pharynx Larynx Epiglottis Trachea Lungs Bronchi Bronchioles Alveoli Diaphragm Thoracic cavity
Ways to remember- Naughty People Like Eating Tarantellas, Like Big Bad Animals Do To
What is the purpose of the nasal cavity?
Hairs in the nose will filter out dust pollen and foreign bodies
Air is warmed and moistened
Cilia transports foreign particles to the pharynx
What is the pharynx?
Base of throat cervical vertebra composed of skeletal muscle throughout
It is a path way for food as well as air so special adaptations occur to allow for this
What is the Larynx?
Also known as the voice box
Contains vocal cords and connects the pharynx to the trachea
What is the trachea?
Wind pipe
12cm long 2cm wide
Contains rings of cartilage to prevent it collapsing
What is the epiglottis?
A small flap of cartilage at the top of the trachea which closes the top of the trachea when you swallow
What are lungs?
Are the organ that allows oxygen to be drawn into the body
The paired right and left lung takes up most of the thoracic cavity and extend to the diaphragm
What are the bronchi?
They branch off the trachea and carry air to the lungs
3 on the right 2 on the left
Cleaned of all impurity’s by the time it reaches this point
What are the bronchioles?
These are small airways that extend from the bronchi to them to the alveoli
What are Alveoli’s?
At the end of the bronchioles there is a mass of sacs known as alveoli
300million in each lung
Responsible for the transport of oxygen
What is the diaphragm?
Flat muscle that is located beneath the lungs
It separates the chest with the abdomen drawing air into the body and removing gases
What is the thoracic cavity?
This is a chamber of the chest that is protected by the ribs cavity
What happens during inspiration?
Intercostal muscles between the ribs contract putting the chest walls up and out
The diaphragm muscles bellow the lungs contracts and flattens, increasing the size of the chest
The lungs increase in size so the pressure inside them falls, this causes air to be released
What happens during expiration?
Intercostal muscles between the ribs relax so that the chest moves in and down
The diaphragm muscle bellow the lungs relaxes and bulges up reducing the size of the chest
The lungs decrease in size so the pressure inside increases and air is pushed up the traches and forced up and out
What do internal and external intercostal muscles do?
internal- move ribs down and inwards, decrease volume of chest cavity (expiration)
External- Move the ribs up and out, increases volume of chest cavity (inspiration)
How is breathing controlled? and what is the neural process of this?
This is controlled by the medulla obligated in the brain (respiratory centre)
Impulses are sent to the neurons which control breathing
How is breathing controlled? and what is the chemical process of this?
Chemoreceptors sense changes in co2 and PH levels
Located in aorta and carotid artery’s
what is the process of gaseous exchange?
Takes place in the alveoli
Air is breathed in
Which the oxygen is then transported by the red blood cells to the alveoli
It then diffuses through the way and into the capillaries which turns it into co2
This then diffuses back into the alveoli and breathed out
What is respiratory rate?
How many breaths you take per minuet which is 15liter of air
This increases to 30-40 breaths when exercising
What is tidal volume?
Is the amount you breath in and out in one normal breath
What is Minuit volume?
Is the volume of air you breath in one Minuit
what is residual volume?
Is the amount of air left in your lungs after you have breathed out as hard as you can
What is vital capacity?
Is the maximum volume afar you can breath out after breathing in as much as you can
What is expiratory reserve volume?
The additional volume of air you can breath out after normal expiration
Roughly an additional 1500cm2 of air
After normal breath your lungs contain the residual volume and expiratory reserve volume
What is inspiratory reserve volume?
The additional volume of air you can breath in beyond the tidal volume
Roughly an additional 3000cm2 of air
What is your total lung volume?
The total lung capacity when inhaling as much as possible
Maximum inspiration
This is roughly 6000cm2 for an average adult male
What are the different responses of the respiratory system?
Increased tidal volume
Increased breathing rate
What are the different adaptations of the respiratory system?
Increased vital capacity
strength of respiratory muscles
Increased oxygen and carbon dioxide diffusion rate
What factors are affected by the respiratory system?
Asthma
Altitude/ partial pressure
What is asthma?
A condition where the broccoli of the lungs become inflamed which causes difficulty in breathing
It usually is connected to allergic reaction or other forms of hypersensitivity
During exercises we usually breath more quickly causing cold and dry air to travel to our lungs irritating the airway which can cause the muscles around the airway to tighten, increasing the chance of experiencing an asthma flare up
What is altitude training?
This is the practice by some endurance athletes of training for several weeks at high altitude, preferable to be 2,400meters above sea level though more community at intermediate altitudes
During altitude training there is a decrease in oxygen causing more red blood cells to be created
