Muscular System

Question 1

How many muscles are in the human body?

Answer 1

640

Question 2

What percentage of body mass does muscle make up?

Answer 2

40%

Question 3

What are the three types of muscle?

Answer 3

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

Question 4

What are the Key characteristics and some examples of smooth muscles?

Answer 4

Involuntary
Functions under the control of the nervous system
Regulates digestion and blood pressure
Examples- digestive system + blood vessels

Question 5

What are the Key characteristics and some examples of cardiac muscles?

Answer 5

Involuntary
Works continuously 
Special type of tissue with own blood supply
Contracts to help move blood around 
Examples- heart wall

Question 6

What are the Key characteristics and some examples of skeletal muscles?

Answer 6

Stripy
Gets fatigued
Connected by tendons 
Voluntary 
Examples- bicep + triceps

Question 7

What are the main functions of the muscular system?

Answer 7

Generation of heat
Posture
Shape
Circulation
Protection

Question 8

What is an antagonistic pair?

Answer 8

Muscles that work together in groups to create movement

Question 9

What is agonist?

Answer 9

When a muscle shortens to move a joint called the prime mover

Question 10

What is antagonist?

Answer 10

Relaxes when the agonist muscle is working

Question 11

What is a synergist?

Answer 11

Muscles that help the agonist muscle

Question 12

What is a fixator muscles?

Answer 12

A muscle that stops unwanted movement

Question 13

What are the Types of muscle contractions?

Answer 13

Isometric
Concentric
Eccentric

Question 14

What are isometric contractions?

Answer 14

Muscle tenses
Stays the same length
Joint at the angle stays the same
Example- holding a handstand in gymnastics

Question 15

What are concentric contractions?

Answer 15

Muscle shortens under tension
Origin and insertion move closer together
Examples- bicep curl

Question 16

What are eccentric contraction?

Answer 16

Muscle lengthens under tension
Origin and insertion moves further apart
Examples- Bicep curl (lowering phase)

Question 17

What are the Fibre types?

Answer 17

Type 1
Type 2a
Type 2b

Question 18

What are the characteristics and examples of when type 1 fibres are used?

Answer 18

Slow speed of contraction
Aerobic 
High endurance 
No force 
Example- Cross country running

Question 19

What are the characteristics and examples of when type 2a fibres are used?

Answer 19

Rapid speed of contraction
Anaerobic respiration 
Medium endurance 
Average amount of force 
Example- 400-800m run

Question 20

What are the characteristics and examples of when type 2b fibres are used?

Answer 20

Fast speed of contraction
Anaerobic respiration 
Low endurance 
Lots of force
Example- Sprinting

Question 21

What is the all or none law?

Answer 21

For all muscles to contract they must receive a nerve impulse
The muscles either respond completely or not at all

Question 22

What are the different responses of the muscular system?

Answer 22

Increased blood supply
Increased muscle temperature 
Increased muscle pliability
Lactate (high intensity exercise) 
Microtears (resistance exercise) 
DOMS (delayed onset muscle soreness)

Question 23

What are the different adaptations of the muscular system?

Answer 23

Increased fat storage 
Increased glycogen stores 
Mitochondria
Increased myoglobin stores 
Tendon strength 
Muscle hypertrophy 
Increased tolerance to lactate

Question 24

How does age effect the muscular system?

Answer 24

Muscle mass will decrease
The onset of muscle mass loss begins at the age of 50
Muscles become smaller
Resulting in a decrease of power and strength

Question 25

How does cramp effect the muscular system?

Answer 25

Sudden involuntary contractions of your muscles
This is often painful and prompted by exercise
The muscles of lower legs are particular susceptible
Cramp can run from 10second to 2 mins
Cramp is cased by dehydration which can result in an inadequate supply of blood to the muscles- reducing the supply of oxygen