All the hard bits! Flashcards
What are the functions of the skeleton?
Framework Leverage Weightbearing Protection Blood cell production Minerals
Fake Likes Work By Protecting Minds
What are the responses of the skeletal system?
Increase of mineral uptake
Increased production of collagen
Reduction in viscosity
Increased pliability
What are the adaptations of the skeletal system?
Increased bone density
Increased ligament strength
Increased thickness of cartilage
What are the three types of muscles?
Smooth
Cardiac
Skeletal
What is a smooth muscle?
Found in Digestive system
Unconsciously controlled by nervous system
What is a cardiac muscle?
Found in walls of the heart
Unconsciously controlled by nervous system
What is skeletal muscle?
Attached to bones
Consciously controlled
What are antagonist pairs?
When one muscle in the pair is contacting the other is relaxing
What is the contracting muscle called?
Agonist
Angry people contact their fists
What is the relaxing muscle called?
Antagonist
What does a synergist do?
Neutralises any unwanted action
Assisting the agonist muscle to preform the desired movement
What do fixators do?
Stabilise a joint
What is a concentric contraction?
When a muscle contracts and shortens
Cats are small
What is a eccentric contraction?
When a muscle contracts and lengthens
Elephants and tall
What is a isometric contraction?
No movement in the muscle
What is a type 1 muscle fibre?
Contract slowly
Long distance runners
What is a type 2a muscle fibre?
Fast twitch (not fastest) 400m
What is a 2b fibre?
Fast twitch (fastest) Sprinting
What are the responses of the muscular system?
Increased blood supply Increased muscle temperature Increased pliability Lactate accumulation Microtears
what are adaptations of the muscles?
Mitochondria Improved use of energy sources Increased myoglobin content Hypertrophy Increased tendon strength Increased tolerance to lactate Increased energy stores Improved use of energy sources
What is the pathway of oxygen going in at the nose?
Nasal cavity Pharynx Epiglottis Larynx Trachea Bronchus Bronchioles Alveoli
What are the responses of the respiratory system?
Increase breathing rate
Increase tidal volume
What are the adaptations of the respiratory system?
Increased strength of respiratory muscles
Increased vital capacity
Increased diffusion rate
Explain the control of the cardiac cycle?
SAN= pace maker. transmits impulse and initiates heartbeat
AVN= detects electrical impulses, passed to
Bundle of his= conduct impulses in ventricle
Purkijefibers= receive impulses and contract ventricles
What are the responses of the cardiac cycle?
Anticipatory rise Increased heart rate Increased blood pressure Increased cardiac output Redirection of blood flow
What are the adaptations of the cardiac cycle?
Cardiac hypertrophy Stroke volume increased Resting heartrate decreases Decreased heart rate recovery time Capillarisation Reduction in resting blood pressure Increase in blood volume
What are the three parts of the aerobic system?
Glycolysis
Krebs cycle
Electron transport chain
What is glycolysis?
Breaks down pyruvate
2 ATP produced
What is the krebs cycle?
Happens in mitochondria
Co2 and hydrogen is produced
Creates 2 ATP
What is the electron transport chain?
Hydrogen combines with oxygen
Makes 34 ATP
What are the adaptations of the energy system?
ATP- Store more creatine Lactate- Increased tolerance to lactic acid Aerobic system- Increased ability to use fats as fuel Increased storage of glycogen Increased number of mitochondria
