Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What is the pathway of oxygenated blood through the heart?
Right and left pulmonary vein Left atrium Bicuspid valve Left Ventricle Semi lunar valve Aorta Body
What is the pathway of deoxygenate blood through the heart?
Superior and inferior venacava Right atrium Tricuspid valve Right ventricle Semi lunar valve Left and right pulmonary artery Lungs
What are the Three layers of the heart called?
Epicardium (outer layer)
Myocardium (middle layer)
Endocardium (inner layer)
What is pulmonary circulation?
The pulmonary circulation is the bit of the circulatory system which carries deoxygenated blood away from the right ventricle of the heart, to the lungs, and returns oxygenated blood to the left atrium and ventricle of the heart.
What is systematic circulation?
It carries oxygen and nutrients to the cells and picks up carbon dioxide and waste products. It also carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle, through the arteries, to the capillaries in the tissues of the body.
What is the double pump system?
The first pump carries oxygen-poor blood to your lungs, where it unloads carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen. It then delivers oxygen-rich blood back to your heart. The second pump delivers oxygen-rich blood to every part of your body.
What are the coronary arteries?
These are the blood vessels that supply oxygenated blood to the heart
What are the atria?
These are the upper chambers of the heart. They receive blood returning to your heart from either the body or lungs.
What are Ventricles?
The pumping chambers of the heart. Right is deoxygenated, left is oxygenated.
What is the bicuspid valve?
One of the four valves in the heart located between the left atrium and left ventricle, and it prevents backflow into the atria.
What is the tricuspid valve?
Right side of the heart, in-between the right atrium and ventricle. prevents backflow into right atria. valve closes to prevent backflow
What are the semi-lunar valves?
One is located between the left ventricle and aorta and the other in between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery
They both prevent backflow
What is the Function and characteristics of arteries?
Carry blood away from the heart Always carry oxygenated blood (except the pulmonary artery) They are elastic walls Thicc (with two C's) walls Carry blood at a high pressure
What is the Function and characteristics of arterioles?
Link arteries with capillaries
Similar properties and functions to arteries
Have thinner muscular walls
What is the Function and characteristics of capillaries?
One cell thick Gaseous exchange Blood flowing slowly Thin walls Small vessels
What is the Function and characteristics of venules?
Larger than capillaries
Carry deoxygenated blood
Connect veins to capillaries
What is the Function and characteristics of veins?
Return deoxygenated blood to the heart Blood flows slowly through veins Moved via skeletal muscle pump Thin walls Large diameter
What are the differences between veins and arteries?
Carry blood away and towards the body
How deep they are found within skin (arteries found deeper)
How muscular the walls (arteries are more)
Veins have valves to prevent backflow
Pressure of blood (arteries have high)
What are the components of blood?
Red blood cells
Plasma
White blood cells
Platelets
What is the function and characteristics of red blood cells?
Transports oxygen
Contains protein called haemoglobin
Red colour
Flattened disk, with a biconcave
What is the function and characteristics of plasma?
Liquid part of blood
55% of blood volume
95% of water
Straw coloured liquid
What is the function and characteristics of white blood cells?
Component of the blood that fight against infection
Protects against illness and disease
1% of blood made in bone marrow
Stored in blood and lymphatic tissues
What is the function and characteristics of platelets?
Help with blood clotting Smallest blood cells Prevents bleeding Made in bone marrow Disc shaped cell fragments
What are the main functions of the cardiovascular system?
Delivery of oxygen Removing waste products Thermoregulation Fighting infection Clotting blood
What is vasoconstriction?
Decreased diameter of blood
Away from skin to Increase the body temperature
Stop any heat emitting
What are the two types of thermoregulation?
Vasoconstriction
Vasodilation
What is vasodilation?
Increased dimeter of blood vessels
Blood coming to skins surface
Emitting heat Decrease body’s temperature
What are the three parts to the electrical system?
Sinoatrial mode
Atrioventricular mode
Bundle of his and purkinje fibres
What does the sinoatrial mode do?
Sends impulses from the right atrium Acts as a pace maker Initialises the heartbeat Causes the arteria to contact This is detected by the Atrioventricular node
What does the atrioventricular mode do?
Acts as a buffer that slows down the signal from the SAN
Allows the atria to contract before ventricles
Located at the centre of the heart
What does the Bundle of his and purkinje fibres do?
Transporting the electrical impulses from the AVN
Contraction causes blood within the walls of the heart
What are the two nervous systems?
Sympathetic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system
What does the sympathetic nervous system do?
Prepares the body for intense physical activity and is often referred as the fight or flight response
Adrenaline is sensed
What does the parasympathetic nervous system do?
Relaxes the body and inhibits or slows down many high energy functions. This is often referred to as the rest or digest response
Reduces heartrate after exercise
What are the different responses of the cardiovascular system to exercise?
Anticipatory increase in heart rate prior to exercise Increased heart rate Increased cardiac output Blood pressure Redirection of blood flow
What are the different adaptations of the cardiovascular system?
Cardiac hypertrophy Increasing in resting and exercise stroke volume Decrease in resting heart rate Reduction in resting blood pressure Decreased heart rate recovery time Capillarisation of skeletal muscle Increase in blood volume
How are SADs effected by the cardiovascular system and exercise?
SADs is a genetic heart condition that can cause sudden death in young
Apparently healthy people even though the person has no desire affecting the structure of the heart
12 under 25s die each week of SADS
If the heart beets normal rhythm becomes disrupted then the heart can stop beating which can cause death
Case study: Fabrice Mumba (football player)
How are high and low blood pressure affected by the cardiovascular system and exercise?
High blood pressure-
Increases the risk of heart attacks, heart failure, affects 25% of adults
Extra strain on heart and arteries
treatments are losing weight
Low blood pressure-
Blood flow to brain and vital organs can be effected
blood is moving around slowly
Symptoms include Dizziness, Fainting, Tiredness
How are hyper and hypothermia affected by the cardiovascular system and exercise?
Hyperthermia-
Abnormally high body temperature that occurs when the body produces or absorbs to much heat
When you exercise the body produces heat as a waste product
Hypothermia-
Is where your body becomes to the cold
Your core temperature bellow 35degreese
Can be life threatening
Normally occurs due to exposure to cold conditions
Symptoms include shivering, cold skin, pale, tiredness
