Skeletal System Flashcards
Skull
Cranium
Spine
Vertebral column
Chest
Sternum
Collar bone
Clavicle
Shoulder blade
Scapular
Funny bone
Humerus
Underneath arm
Ulna
On top of arm
Radius
Wrist
Carpals
Hand
Metacarpals
Fingers and toes
Phalanges
Hips
Ilium
Upper leg
Femur (biggest bone)
Knee cap
Patella
Top of leg
Tibia
Underneath leg
Fibular
Ankle
Tarsals
Feet
Metatarsals
What are the functions of the skeletal system
Support and shape, protection, movement, blood production and to store minerals
Support and shape
The bones give shape to the body as a whole and also suspend some vital organs without the skeleton your body will be flabby and shapeless
Protection
The skeleton has been designed to protect the delicate and easily damaged parts of the body (the cranium protects the brain)
Movement
Joints between bones allow movement. The type of joints and bones decide what movement can occur. Ligaments join the bones together. Muscles cause movement by contracting in pulling the bones.
Blood production
Red blood cells, platelets and some white blood cells are produced in the red bone marrow of lodger bones. This includes the ribs and the larger bones in the legs and arms (femur, humorous etc)
Mineral storage
Minerals such as phosphorus, calcium, potassium and iron all stored. Iron helps to transport oxygen to working muscles and calcium is needed to build and repaired bones
How many bones are there in the human body?
There are 206 bones in the human body. There are 16 different sizes and shapes.
Types of bones
Long bones, shot bones, flat bones, irregular bones
Long bones
These are tubular in shape e.g femur, radius, humorous and ribs. They contain bone marrow in the centre which allows them to be strong but not too heavy
Short bones
These are small squad spongy bone is covered in a thin layer of compact bone. They are light and very strong, necessary for the type of fun movement required e.g carpals and tarsals
Flat bones
these are spongy bone is between two layers of contact mums they have large surface area which is used for protection e.g scapula, pelvis and cranium
Irregular bones
These are similar to short bones and a spongy bone inside and compact bone outside. They are shape to carry out their specific roles e.g the patella and vertebrae
Cartilage
The surface of joints are covered by cartilage
What are the three types of cartilage
Yellow – flexible tissue. Form structure of nose and windpipe
White – stronger but less elastic act as a shock absorber can be found in between the vertebrae
Blue (hyline) – Found at the end of articulating bones. Very smooth, reduces friction where surfaces rub together
Ligaments
Attach bone to bone. The role of ligaments is to help join bones together and keep the joint stable during movement. they are elastical of enough to allow bones to move if ligaments become too stretched they tear and joints can be dislocated
Tendons
Attach bone to muscle. These are chords that connect muscle to bone. They are non-elastic. They helped to transmit the power needed to move bones. When muscles contract it pulls on a tendon this causes the bone to which the tendons are attached and causes movement
Flexion
The decreasing of an angle at a joint. example it occurs when you bring your foot back before kicking a football
Extension
The increase of an angle at a joint. It occurs when you follow through with your leg after kicking a ball
Rotation
Circular movement around a fixed point. Example it occurs when doing backstroke
Abduction
When a limb moves away from the body centre line. Example karate kicks use abduction
Adduction
When the limb is move towards the body centre line. Example star jumps use adduction
Circumduction
A combination of abduction, adduction, extension or flexion example doing a pirouette uses circumduction
Joints
When two or more bones meet
Name the different types of joints
Fibrous- fixed/immovable joints
Cartilaginous– Slightly movable joints
Synovial- freely moveable joints
Synovial capsule
This is the outer sleeve holding the bones together and keeping the synovial fluid in place this is an extension of skin it is it off fibre
Synovial membrane
This lines the joint capsule and secretes a liquid called synovial fluid this liquid allows friction free movement
Synovial fluid
Fills the capsule providing lubricant and nourishment and keeps the joint free from infection
Name the types of synovial joints
Ball and socket, hinge, pivot, saddle, condyloid, gliding
Examples of all synovial joints
Ball and socket – hip and shoulder. Hinge – knee and elbow, pivot – atlas and axis in neck. Saddle- thumb. Condyloid – wrist. Gliding – ankle
Articulating bones…
Are bones that move within a joint
What are the articulating bones in hinge joints
Knee – articulating bones our femur and tibia
Elbow – articulating bones are the humorous radius and ulna
What are the articulating bones in ball and socket joint’s
Shoulder – articulating bones of the humorous and scapula
Hey – articulating bones are the pelvis and femur
