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PE- paper 1 > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Skull

A

Cranium

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2
Q

Spine

A

Vertebral column

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3
Q

Chest

A

Sternum

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4
Q

Collar bone

A

Clavicle

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5
Q

Shoulder blade

A

Scapular

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6
Q

Funny bone

A

Humerus

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7
Q

Underneath arm

A

Ulna

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8
Q

On top of arm

A

Radius

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9
Q

Wrist

A

Carpals

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10
Q

Hand

A

Metacarpals

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11
Q

Fingers and toes

A

Phalanges

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12
Q

Hips

A

Ilium

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13
Q

Upper leg

A

Femur (biggest bone)

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14
Q

Knee cap

A

Patella

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15
Q

Top of leg

A

Tibia

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16
Q

Underneath leg

A

Fibular

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17
Q

Ankle

A

Tarsals

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18
Q

Feet

A

Metatarsals

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19
Q

What are the functions of the skeletal system

A

Support and shape, protection, movement, blood production and to store minerals

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20
Q

Support and shape

A

The bones give shape to the body as a whole and also suspend some vital organs without the skeleton your body will be flabby and shapeless

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21
Q

Protection

A

The skeleton has been designed to protect the delicate and easily damaged parts of the body (the cranium protects the brain)

22
Q

Movement

A

Joints between bones allow movement. The type of joints and bones decide what movement can occur. Ligaments join the bones together. Muscles cause movement by contracting in pulling the bones.

23
Q

Blood production

A

Red blood cells, platelets and some white blood cells are produced in the red bone marrow of lodger bones. This includes the ribs and the larger bones in the legs and arms (femur, humorous etc)

24
Q

Mineral storage

A

Minerals such as phosphorus, calcium, potassium and iron all stored. Iron helps to transport oxygen to working muscles and calcium is needed to build and repaired bones

25
Q

How many bones are there in the human body?

A

There are 206 bones in the human body. There are 16 different sizes and shapes.

26
Q

Types of bones

A

Long bones, shot bones, flat bones, irregular bones

27
Q

Long bones

A

These are tubular in shape e.g femur, radius, humorous and ribs. They contain bone marrow in the centre which allows them to be strong but not too heavy

28
Q

Short bones

A

These are small squad spongy bone is covered in a thin layer of compact bone. They are light and very strong, necessary for the type of fun movement required e.g carpals and tarsals

29
Q

Flat bones

A

these are spongy bone is between two layers of contact mums they have large surface area which is used for protection e.g scapula, pelvis and cranium

30
Q

Irregular bones

A

These are similar to short bones and a spongy bone inside and compact bone outside. They are shape to carry out their specific roles e.g the patella and vertebrae

31
Q

Cartilage

A

The surface of joints are covered by cartilage

32
Q

What are the three types of cartilage

A

Yellow – flexible tissue. Form structure of nose and windpipe
White – stronger but less elastic act as a shock absorber can be found in between the vertebrae
Blue (hyline) – Found at the end of articulating bones. Very smooth, reduces friction where surfaces rub together

33
Q

Ligaments

A

Attach bone to bone. The role of ligaments is to help join bones together and keep the joint stable during movement. they are elastical of enough to allow bones to move if ligaments become too stretched they tear and joints can be dislocated

34
Q

Tendons

A

Attach bone to muscle. These are chords that connect muscle to bone. They are non-elastic. They helped to transmit the power needed to move bones. When muscles contract it pulls on a tendon this causes the bone to which the tendons are attached and causes movement

35
Q

Flexion

A

The decreasing of an angle at a joint. example it occurs when you bring your foot back before kicking a football

36
Q

Extension

A

The increase of an angle at a joint. It occurs when you follow through with your leg after kicking a ball

37
Q

Rotation

A

Circular movement around a fixed point. Example it occurs when doing backstroke

38
Q

Abduction

A

When a limb moves away from the body centre line. Example karate kicks use abduction

39
Q

Adduction

A

When the limb is move towards the body centre line. Example star jumps use adduction

40
Q

Circumduction

A

A combination of abduction, adduction, extension or flexion example doing a pirouette uses circumduction

41
Q

Joints

A

When two or more bones meet

42
Q

Name the different types of joints

A

Fibrous- fixed/immovable joints
Cartilaginous– Slightly movable joints
Synovial- freely moveable joints

43
Q

Synovial capsule

A

This is the outer sleeve holding the bones together and keeping the synovial fluid in place this is an extension of skin it is it off fibre

44
Q

Synovial membrane

A

This lines the joint capsule and secretes a liquid called synovial fluid this liquid allows friction free movement

45
Q

Synovial fluid

A

Fills the capsule providing lubricant and nourishment and keeps the joint free from infection

46
Q

Name the types of synovial joints

A

Ball and socket, hinge, pivot, saddle, condyloid, gliding

47
Q

Examples of all synovial joints

A

Ball and socket – hip and shoulder. Hinge – knee and elbow, pivot – atlas and axis in neck. Saddle- thumb. Condyloid – wrist. Gliding – ankle

48
Q

Articulating bones…

A

Are bones that move within a joint

49
Q

What are the articulating bones in hinge joints

A

Knee – articulating bones our femur and tibia

Elbow – articulating bones are the humorous radius and ulna

50
Q

What are the articulating bones in ball and socket joint’s

A

Shoulder – articulating bones of the humorous and scapula

Hey – articulating bones are the pelvis and femur

PE- paper 1 (9 decks)

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