Muscular System Flashcards
Shoulders
Deltoids
Front of arms
Biceps
Chest
Pectorals
Stomach
Abdominals
Front top of leg
Quadriceps
Top of back/neck
Trapezius
Lower outer back
Latissimus dorsi
Top back leg
Hamstrings
Bottom back leg
Gastrocnemius
Bottom
Gluteals
What are the types of muscles
Voluntary, in voluntary, cardiac, specific
Voluntary muscles
Controlled by ourselves – the brain tells them to move. They are attached to bones. They allow movement to occur through pulling the bones, around 600 on the body, under the microscope they look striped, 40% of bodyweight is voluntary muscle, examples include bicep, the quadriceps and the hamstrings
In voluntary (smooth) muscle
Days work automatically without any conscious control from us. They are found in the bowl, the goat, the blood vessel and in the internal organs. Under a microscope they look smooth
Cardiac muscle
Specialise type of in voluntary muscle. The heart contracts regularly on automatically. Each contraction is a heartbeat. Rate can be influenced but not controlled. They look stripes under a microscope acts like a smooth-muscle
How voluntary muscles work
Voluntary muscles usually work across the joint. They’re attached to bones to tendons. When muscles move only one bone usually moves. The other one is stationary
Origin and insertion
Origin – where the muscle joins the stationery bone in movement
Insertion – where the muscle joins the moving bone into movement
Example bicep contracting origin is the shoulder insertion is the elbow
Antagonistic muscle action
Muscles can only pull not push they need to working antagonistic pairs to allow movement
What is the prime mover or organist
The working (pulling) muscle
What is the antagonist
The relaxing muscle
What is the fixator
This is the muscle that works with others to stabilise the origin of the prime mover
Muscle tone
Muscle tone is the state of readiness of the voluntary muscle to do the job
Benefits of good posture
Helps your heart, breathing and digestive system work. Prevents strain injury and sporting other activities. Makes you less tired.
Problems of poor posture
Strain on your bones, ligaments and tendons can lead to injury. Round shoulders make it harder to breeze. Muscles have to work harder. You don’t look as good as you could. Perfect digestion. Can take years to put right
Fast twitch muscle fibre
Provide short explosive burst of energy. Best used in speed events such as sprinting throwing and jumping
Slow twitch muscle fibre
Provide slower and longer lasting burst of energy. Best suited to endurance events such as distance running cycling and swimming
What does laterally mean
It means sideways
