Skeletal System Flashcards
Adduction:
Movement brings part of body towards the centre: adding to the body.
Abduction:
Movement takes a part of the body away from the centre: taking away from the body.
Flexion:
Closing the angle at a joint: gives space to create power.
Extension:
Opening the angle at a joint: extends to generate as much power as possible.
Rotation:
Angles do not change but the joint moves in a circular motion.
Long, short, flat and irregular bones:
Long: femur: decides height
Short: phalanges: movement
Flat: vertebrae: protection
Irregular: cranium: protection.
Ball and socket, pivot, hinge:
Ball and socket: rotation, allows a lot of movement
Pivot: rotating and tilting
Hinge: movement in two planes forward and backwards with a small amount of rotation.
Cartilage:
Shock absorber: cushion so bones don’t rub and wear away.
Ligaments:
Attach bone to bone, strong and elastic: if no ligament, the joint would be unstable: if stretched too far, joint will dislocate.
Tendons:
Attach muscle to bone: without tendons, muscles will float around the bone and movement would be impossible: strong and elastic.
Dislocation:
When a bone at a joint is forced out of its normal position.
Tennis and golfer elbow:
Overused tendons.
Torn cartilage:
Tearing at the knee can be caused by pivoting on one foot.
Fracture:
Broken or cracked bone: closed = skin not broken, open = skin broken.
Sprains:
A damaged ligaments by stretching too far.
