Respiratory System Flashcards
Trachea:
Has rings of cartilage along its length to allow the tube to be flexible and to keep the airway open.
Bronchi:
Tubes that branch from the trachea to continue the air flow nearer the lungs.
Bronchioles:
Smaller sub-divisions of the bronchi leading to the alveoli.
Larynx:
Air passage to the bronchus; air passing over the larynx produces the voice.
Alveoli:
Ting air sacs; there are millions in the lungs; gaseous exchange takes place here; this action is vital to sustain life.
Diaphragm:
Sheet of muscle dividing the chest cavity and the abdominal cavity.
Ribs:
Form a protective cage around the organs in the chest.
Lungs:
Positioned inside the chest cavity. This action of breathing means that the lungs are constantly moving in and out.
Intercostal muscles:
Found between the ribs contracting and relaxing in the breathing process.
Breathing in: inspiration
Intercostal muscles contract Ribs move out Diaphragm contracts and flattens Chest expands Air pressure is lower (high to low) Air is forced into the lungs.
Breathing out: expiration
Intercostal muscles relax Diaphragm relaxes Chest become smaller Air pressure is higher Air is forced from lungs.
Immediate effect of exercise:
- heavy breathing
- increase in tidal volume
- increase in the amount of air being heather in or out.
Long term effect of exercise:
- muscles around chest cavity get larger
- increase in lung volume
- better oxygen supply to the body.
Aerobic respiration:
Oxygen+glucose=carbon dioxide+water+glucose.
Anaerobic respiration:
Glucose=lactic acid+energy
Tidal volume:
The amount of air we breathe in/out in one breath, during rest.
Inspiration capacity:
The amount of extra air inhaled (above tidal volume) during a deep breath.
Vital capacity:
The maximum amount of air you can breathe out, in one breath.
Residual volume:
The amount of air left in your lungs following a maximum exhalation. Always some left over to prevent lungs from collapsing.
Total lung capacity:
Vital capacity + residual volume and is the total amount of air the lungs can hold.
Respiratory rate:
How many breaths you take per minute.
Effects of smoking:
Can lead to lung disease. Cigarette smoke contains tar that clogs up the alveoli and makes it harder for gas exchange to take place. Nicotine causes the blood vessels in the lungs to tighten which slows the blood flow in the lungs.
