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A & P > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Two divisions of the skeletal system

A

Axial

Appendicular

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2
Q

Functions of bones

A 
Support
Protect
Movement
Storage
Blood cell formation
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3
Q

How many bones does the adult skeleton have?

A

206

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4
Q

Two types of bone tissue

A

Spongy

Compact

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5
Q

Homogeneous, tight packed bone

A

Compact

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6
Q

Small needle like pieces of bone

Many open spaces

A

Spongy

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7
Q

Four classifications of bone

A

Long
Short
Flat
Irregular

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8
Q

Bones that are typically longer than wide

A

Long bones

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9
Q

Bones with a shaft with heads at both ends

A

Long

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10
Q

Bones made of mostly compact bone

A

Long

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11
Q

What type of bones are the femur and humorous?

A

Long

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12
Q

Bones which are are generally cube shaped

A

Short

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13
Q

Bones made of mostly spongy bone

A

Short bones

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14
Q

What type of bone are carpals and tarsals?

A

Short

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15
Q

Bones that are thin and flattened

A

Flat

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16
Q

Bones which are usually curved

A

Flat

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17
Q

Bones made of thin layers of compact bone around a layer of spongy bone

A

Flat bones

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18
Q

What type of bone are skulls, ribs, and the sternum?

A

Flat

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19
Q

Bones which are an irregular shape

A

Irregular

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20
Q

Bones which do not fit into the other bone classifications

A

Irregular

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21
Q

Bones like the vertebrae and hip

A

Irregular

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22
Q

Anatomy of the long bone which is the shaft and composed of compact bone

A

Diaphysis

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23
Q

Ends of long bone

Composed of mostly spongy bone

A

Epiphysis

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24
Q

Outside covering of the diaphysis

Fibrous connective tissue membrane

A

Periosteum

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25
Q

Secures periosteum to underlying bone

A

Sharpeys fibers

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26
Q

Supply bone cells with nutrients

A

Arteries

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27
Q

Covers the external surface of the epiphyses
Made of hyaline cartilage
Decreases friction at joint surfaces

A

Articulate cartilage

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28
Q

Cavity of the shaft which contains yellow marrow in adults and red marrow in infants

A

Medullary cavity

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29
Q

Yellow marrow

A

Mostly fat and found in adults

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30
Q

Red marrow

A

For the formation of cell formation and found in infants

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31
Q

Pats of the skeletal system

A

Bones
Joints
Cartilages
Ligaments

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32
Q

Site of surface bone features, attachments for muscles, tendons, and ligaments, and passages for nerve and blood vessels

A

Medullary cavity

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33
Q

Categories of bone markings

A

Projections/processes

Depression/cavities

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34
Q

Bone markings that grow out of the bone surface

A

Projections and processes

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35
Q

Indentations

A

Depressions or cavities

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36
Q

A unit of bone

A

Osteon (haversian system)

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37
Q

Opening in the center of an osteon

Carries blood vessels and nerves

A

Central (haversian) canal

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38
Q

Canal perpendicular to the central canal

Carries blood vessels and nerves

A

Perforating (volkmans) canal

39
Q

Cavities containing bone cells (osteocytes)

Arranged in concentric rings

A

Lacunae

40
Q

Rings around the central canal

Sites of the lacunae

A

Lamellae

41
Q

Tiny canals
Radiate from the central canal to lacunae
Form a transport system

A

Canaliculi

42
Q

I’m embryos, what is the skeleton primarily made out of?

A

Hyaline cartilage

43
Q

During development, what is most of the cartilage replaced with?

A

Bone

44
Q

Where does cartilage remain after development?

A

Bridge of the nose
Parts of ribs
Joints

45
Q

What allow for growth of long bone during childhood?

A

Epiphyseal plates

46
Q

Is cartilage being constant formed?

A

Yes

47
Q

What does older cartilage become?

A

Ossified

48
Q

When cartilage is ossified what happens?

A

It is broken down and replaced with bone

49
Q

Bones are ____ and ____ until growth stops

A

Remodeled

Lengthened

50
Q

Bones change _____ somewhat

A

Shape

51
Q

Bones grow in ____

A

Width

52
Q

Mature bone cells

A

Osteocytes

53
Q

Bone forming cells

A

Osteoblasts

54
Q

Bone destroying cells

Break down bone matrix for remodeling and release of calcium

A

Osteoclasts

55
Q

What two types of bone are part of the bone remodeling process?

A

Osteoblasts

Osteoclasts

56
Q

A break in the bone

A

Fractures

57
Q

Types of bone fractures

A

Closed

Open

58
Q

Break that does not penetrate the skin

A

Closed (simple) fracture

59
Q

Broken bone penetrates through the skin

A

Open (compound) fracture

60
Q

How are bone fractures treated

A

Reduction
Immobilization
Realignment

61
Q

1st step of repair of bone fractures

A

Hematoma

62
Q

Blood filled swelling

A

Hematoma

63
Q

2nd step in the repair of bone fractures

A

Break is splinted with fibrocartilage to form a callus

64
Q

During repair of fracture what is the fibrocartilage callus replaced by?

A

Bony callus

65
Q

What is the final step in repairing a fracture?

A

Bony callus is remodeled to form a permanent patch

66
Q

Articulations of bones

A

Joints

67
Q

Functions of joints

A

Hold bones together

Allow for mobility

68
Q

Ways joints are classified

A

Functionally

Structurally

69
Q

Functional classifications of joints

A

Syntharthroses
Amphiarthroses
Diarthroses

70
Q

Syntharthoses

A

Immovable joints

71
Q

Amphiarthroses

A

Slightly moveable joints

72
Q

Diarthroses

A

Freely moveable joints

73
Q

Generally immovable joints

A

Fibrous

74
Q

Immovable or slightly immovable joints

A

Cartilaginous

75
Q

Freely moveable joints

A

Synovial

76
Q

Bones are united by what?

A

Fibrous tissue

77
Q

Examples of fibrous tissue

A

Sutures

Syndesmoses

78
Q

What does syndesmoses do?

A

Allows more movement than sutures

79
Q

Example of syndesmoses

A

Distal end of the tibia and fibula

80
Q

Cartilaginous joints

A

Bones connected by cartilage

81
Q

Examples of cartilaginous joints

A

Pubic symphysis

Intervertebral joints

82
Q

Articulating bones are separated by what?

A

A joint cavity

83
Q

Where is synovial fluid found?

A

The joint cavity

84
Q

In synovial joints articular cartilage covers what?

A

Ends of bones

85
Q

In a synovial joint, joint surfaces are enclosed by?

A

A fibrous articular capsule

86
Q

What fluid fills joint cavities of synovial joints?

A

Synovial

87
Q

Ligaments reinforce what joints?

A

Synovial

88
Q

Flattened fibrous sacs

A

Bursae

89
Q

Lined with synovial membranes

A

Bursae

90
Q

Filled with synovial fluid

A

Bursae

91
Q

Not actually part of the joint

A

Bursae

92
Q

Elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon

A

Tendon sheath

93
Q

Inflammation of a bursa usually caused by a flow or friction

A

Bursitis

94
Q

Inflammation of the tendon sheaths

A

Tendonitis

A & P (7 decks)

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