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Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Two divisions of the skeletal system

A

Axial

Appendicular

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2
Q

Functions of bones

A 
Support
Protect
Movement
Storage
Blood cell formation
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3
Q

How many bones does the adult skeleton have?

A

206

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4
Q

Two types of bone tissue

A

Spongy

Compact

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5
Q

Homogeneous, tight packed bone

A

Compact

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6
Q

Small needle like pieces of bone

Many open spaces

A

Spongy

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7
Q

Four classifications of bone

A

Long
Short
Flat
Irregular

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8
Q

Bones that are typically longer than wide

A

Long bones

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9
Q

Bones with a shaft with heads at both ends

A

Long

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10
Q

Bones made of mostly compact bone

A

Long

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11
Q

What type of bones are the femur and humorous?

A

Long

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12
Q

Bones which are are generally cube shaped

A

Short

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13
Q

Bones made of mostly spongy bone

A

Short bones

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14
Q

What type of bone are carpals and tarsals?

A

Short

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15
Q

Bones that are thin and flattened

A

Flat

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16
Q

Bones which are usually curved

A

Flat

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17
Q

Bones made of thin layers of compact bone around a layer of spongy bone

A

Flat bones

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18
Q

What type of bone are skulls, ribs, and the sternum?

A

Flat

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19
Q

Bones which are an irregular shape

A

Irregular

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20
Q

Bones which do not fit into the other bone classifications

A

Irregular

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21
Q

Bones like the vertebrae and hip

A

Irregular

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22
Q

Anatomy of the long bone which is the shaft and composed of compact bone

A

Diaphysis

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23
Q

Ends of long bone

Composed of mostly spongy bone

A

Epiphysis

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24
Q

Outside covering of the diaphysis

Fibrous connective tissue membrane

A

Periosteum

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25
Secures periosteum to underlying bone
Sharpeys fibers
26
Supply bone cells with nutrients
Arteries
27
Covers the external surface of the epiphyses Made of hyaline cartilage Decreases friction at joint surfaces
Articulate cartilage
28
Cavity of the shaft which contains yellow marrow in adults and red marrow in infants
Medullary cavity
29
Yellow marrow
Mostly fat and found in adults
30
Red marrow
For the formation of cell formation and found in infants
31
Pats of the skeletal system
Bones Joints Cartilages Ligaments
32
Site of surface bone features, attachments for muscles, tendons, and ligaments, and passages for nerve and blood vessels
Medullary cavity
33
Categories of bone markings
Projections/processes | Depression/cavities
34
Bone markings that grow out of the bone surface
Projections and processes
35
Indentations
Depressions or cavities
36
A unit of bone
Osteon (haversian system)
37
Opening in the center of an osteon | Carries blood vessels and nerves
Central (haversian) canal
38
Canal perpendicular to the central canal | Carries blood vessels and nerves
Perforating (volkmans) canal
39
Cavities containing bone cells (osteocytes) | Arranged in concentric rings
Lacunae
40
Rings around the central canal | Sites of the lacunae
Lamellae
41
Tiny canals Radiate from the central canal to lacunae Form a transport system
Canaliculi
42
I'm embryos, what is the skeleton primarily made out of?
Hyaline cartilage
43
During development, what is most of the cartilage replaced with?
Bone
44
Where does cartilage remain after development?
Bridge of the nose Parts of ribs Joints
45
What allow for growth of long bone during childhood?
Epiphyseal plates
46
Is cartilage being constant formed?
Yes
47
What does older cartilage become?
Ossified
48
When cartilage is ossified what happens?
It is broken down and replaced with bone
49
Bones are ____ and ____ until growth stops
Remodeled | Lengthened
50
Bones change _____ somewhat
Shape
51
Bones grow in ____
Width
52
Mature bone cells
Osteocytes
53
Bone forming cells
Osteoblasts
54
Bone destroying cells | Break down bone matrix for remodeling and release of calcium
Osteoclasts
55
What two types of bone are part of the bone remodeling process?
Osteoblasts | Osteoclasts
56
A break in the bone
Fractures
57
Types of bone fractures
Closed | Open
58
Break that does not penetrate the skin
Closed (simple) fracture
59
Broken bone penetrates through the skin
Open (compound) fracture
60
How are bone fractures treated
Reduction Immobilization Realignment
61
1st step of repair of bone fractures
Hematoma
62
Blood filled swelling
Hematoma
63
2nd step in the repair of bone fractures
Break is splinted with fibrocartilage to form a callus
64
During repair of fracture what is the fibrocartilage callus replaced by?
Bony callus
65
What is the final step in repairing a fracture?
Bony callus is remodeled to form a permanent patch
66
Articulations of bones
Joints
67
Functions of joints
Hold bones together | Allow for mobility
68
Ways joints are classified
Functionally | Structurally
69
Functional classifications of joints
Syntharthroses Amphiarthroses Diarthroses
70
Syntharthoses
Immovable joints
71
Amphiarthroses
Slightly moveable joints
72
Diarthroses
Freely moveable joints
73
Generally immovable joints
Fibrous
74
Immovable or slightly immovable joints
Cartilaginous
75
Freely moveable joints
Synovial
76
Bones are united by what?
Fibrous tissue
77
Examples of fibrous tissue
Sutures | Syndesmoses
78
What does syndesmoses do?
Allows more movement than sutures
79
Example of syndesmoses
Distal end of the tibia and fibula
80
Cartilaginous joints
Bones connected by cartilage
81
Examples of cartilaginous joints
Pubic symphysis | Intervertebral joints
82
Articulating bones are separated by what?
A joint cavity
83
Where is synovial fluid found?
The joint cavity
84
In synovial joints articular cartilage covers what?
Ends of bones
85
In a synovial joint, joint surfaces are enclosed by?
A fibrous articular capsule
86
What fluid fills joint cavities of synovial joints?
Synovial
87
Ligaments reinforce what joints?
Synovial
88
Flattened fibrous sacs
Bursae
89
Lined with synovial membranes
Bursae
90
Filled with synovial fluid
Bursae
91
Not actually part of the joint
Bursae
92
Elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon
Tendon sheath
93
Inflammation of a bursa usually caused by a flow or friction
Bursitis
94
Inflammation of the tendon sheaths
Tendonitis

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