Skeletal System Flashcards
Explain the function of protection
To protect vital organs and soft tissues from being damaged easily
- ribs
5 functions of the skeleton
Protection Support Blood production Movement Shape
Explain the function of support
To keep the body upright and act as a frame for muscles to attach to and hold organs in place.
Explain the function of blood production
RBCs are produced to carry oxygen while WBCs fight off pathogens. Blood production is only found in the bone marrow of larger bones
- femur
Explain the function of movement
Muscles are attached to bones which move when muscles contract and relax
Explain the function of shape
Determines the height and body size
4 types of bone
Long bone
Short bone
Irregular bone
Flat bone
Characteristics and role in sport of long bones
- long and affect our overall height
- act as levers
- longer than wide
- femur
Movement- to generate strength and speed
Characteristics and role in sport of short bones
- light and strong and are often located next to other short bones
- meta tarsals and meta carpals
Shock absorption- spreading the load
Characteristics and role in sport of irregular bones
- irregular in shape and have a specific function
- vertebrae, scapula, patella
Provides shape, protection
Characteristics and role in sport of flat bones
- these are flat and are often found forming a protective surface
- cranium, ribs
Protection, attachment of muscles to help movement
What is a joint?
A structure in the human body at which two parts of the skeleton are fitted together.
3 types of joint
Fixed/immovable joint
Slightly moveable joint
Synovial joint
Define fixed/immoveable joint
Allow no movement at all
- plates of bone that form the cranium
- held together by tough fibres
Define slightly moveable joint
Joints that allow small amounts of movement
- joints between vertebrae
Define synovial joint
Allow a wide range of movement
- hip, shoulder, knee
- majority of joints are synovial
Components of a synovial joint and their functions
Synovial fluid- lubricates the joint
Joint capsule- holds the bones together and protects the synovial membrane
Synovial membrane- holds and produces synovial fluid
Ligament- joins bone to bone and stabilises a joint
Cartilage- reduces friction and acts as a shock absorber
Tendon- joins muscle to bone and enables movement
6 types of synovial joints, an example and types of movement possible at the type of joint
Ball and socket - extension, flexion, abduction, adduction, rotation, - shoulder and hip Hinge joint - flexion and extension - elbow and knee Pivot joint - rotation, flexion, extension - neck Condyloid joint - flexion, extension, abduction, adduction - wrist Saddle joint - flexion, extension - thumb Gliding joint - gliding along the surfaces of two flat bones that are held together by ligaments - wrist, ankle
The 5 vertebral sections and their functions
Cervical- 7 - smallest vertebrae - top vertebra (atlas) allows nodding - second vertebra (axis) allows rotation Thoracic- 12 - where ribs are attached - limited range of movement Lumbar- 5 - largest vertebrae - prone to injury Sacrum- 5 - fused together - acts as a base to transmit force from legs to upper body Coccyx- 4 - fused together Discs- between vertebrae that act as shock absorbers
Scientific name for collar bone
Clavicle
Scientific name for breast bone
Sternum
Scientific name for back bone
Spine
Scientific name for shoulder blade
Scapula
Scientific name for knee cap
Patella
Define extension
Straightening of limbs at a joint
Define flexion
Bending of limbs at a joint
Define abduction
Movement away from the mid line of the body
Define adduction
Movement towards the mid line of the body
Define rotation
A circular movement around a fixed point
6 types of synovial joints
Gliding, hinge, pivot, saddle, condyloid and ball and socket
Hinge joint example
Elbow, knee
Hinge joint movements
Flexion and extension
Gliding joint example
Inter carpal/tarsal joints, metacarpals, metatarsals
Gliding joint movements
Gliding movements
Pivot joint example
Atlas and axis bones- top of spine,
Pivot joint movements
Rotation- one around the other
Condyloid joint example
Wrist
Condyloid joint movements
Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction
Saddle joint example
Thumb
Saddle joint movements
Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction
Ball and socket joint examples
Shoulder, hip
Ball and socket movements
Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction and rotation
Ligaments
Connect bone to bone
Tendons
Connect muscle to bone
