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Physical Education > Muscle System > Flashcards

Muscle System Flashcards

0
Q

What are the characteristics of a cardiac muscle?

A
  • Found solely in the walls of the heart
  • Involuntary
  • Controlled by autonomic nervous system
  • Do not fatigue
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1
Q

What are the three types of muscle in the body?

A

Cardiac
Involuntary/smooth
Voluntary/skeletal

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2
Q

What are the characteristics of a smooth/involuntary muscle?

A
  • Involuntary
  • Work out internal organs ex the intestines
  • Do not fatigue
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3
Q

What are the characteristics of a voluntary/skeletal muscle?

A
  • Most common in the body
  • Attached to the skeleton to aid movement
  • Can be controlled
  • Fatigue
  • Have fast and slow twitch fibres
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4
Q

Name the main voluntary muscles in the torso

A
  • Pectoral
  • Trapezius
  • Latissimus dorsi
  • Abdominals
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5
Q

Name the main voluntary muscles in the arms

A
  • Deltiods
  • Biceps
  • Triceps
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6
Q

Name the main voluntary muscles in the legs

A
  • Quadriceps
  • Gluteals
  • Hamstrings
  • Gastrocnemius
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7
Q

State the function of the biceps and an example in sport

A

Flexion at the elbow

Pull up

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8
Q

State the function of the triceps and an example in sport

A

Extension at the elbow

Push up

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9
Q

State the function of the deltoids and an example in sport

A

Rotation at the elbow

Cricket bowling

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10
Q

State the function of the trapezius and an example in sport

A

Holds the shoulders in place, moves the head back and sideways
Holding head up in rugby scrum

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11
Q

State the function of the pectorals and an example in sport

A

Adduction of the arm at the shoulder

Forehand drive in tennis

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12
Q

State the function of the latissimus dorsi and an example in sport

A

Adduction and extension of the arm at the shoulder

Butterfly stroke in swimming

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13
Q

State the function of the gluteus maximus and an example in sport

A

Adduction and extension of the leg at the hips

Pulling leg back before kicking

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14
Q

State the function of the hamstrings and an example in sport

A

Flexion of the leg at the knee

Bending knee before kicking

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15
Q

State the function of the quadriceps and an example in sport

A

Extension of the leg at the knee

Jumping upwards

16
Q

State the function of the gastrocnemius and an example in sport

A

Extension at the ankle

Running

17
Q

State the function of the abdominals and an example in sport

A

Flexion at the hip

Pulling body down when hurdling

18
Q

Define muscle origin and insertion

A

Origin- is the fixed end of the muscle that’s attached to a bone by tendon
Insertion- is the moving end of the muscle that is attached to the bone by tendon
The origin stays still and the insertion moves as the muscle contracts

19
Q

Define antagonistic pairs

A

Muscles can only pull, to have full movement they need to work in pairs.
Contracting muscle- agonist, prime mover (shortens)
Relaxing muscle- antagonist, (lengthens)

20
Q

Define isotonic contraction and it’s two forms

A

When a muscle contracts to create movement.
Concentric- when the muscle shortens as the fibres contract to cause movement
Eccentric- when a muscle lengthens and relaxes to allow movement to occur

21
Q

Define isometric

A

When a muscle contracts with no resulting movement.

Used to stabilise the body.

22
Q

What are the characteristics of fast twitch fibres and who are they most likely to be used by?

A
  • fast contractions
  • anaerobic
  • explosive, very fast, short bursts
  • lack ability to use oxygen well and tire quickly
    Used by sprinters
23
Q

What are the characteristics of slow twitch fibres and who are they most likely to be used by?

A
  • slower contractions
  • aerobic
  • endurance, longer to fatigue
  • use oxygen well and keep going for a long time
    Used by marathon runners
24
Q

Define muscle tone

A

Muscles in a state of slight tension and are ready for movement. Regular training tones muscles helps to create good posture. Also helps to prevent injury since good posture reduces strain on muscles tendons and ligaments.

25
Q

Define hypertrophy

A

Increase in size of the muscle.

26
Q

Effects of posture

A
  • reduces chance of injury due to reducing strain placed on muscles, tendons and ligaments
  • helps with sporting performance when special positions are crucial to success
  • boosts self confidence in body language
27
Q

Define ligament

A

Connect bone to bone and stabilise joint

28
Q

Define tendon

A

Connect muscle to bone

29
Q

Define atrophy

A

Reduction in muscle size, lose strength

30
Q

Define posture

A

The way the muscles hold the body still or in movement

Physical Education (15 decks)

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