Skeletal System Flashcards
Name six functions of skeletal system
Support
Posture
Protection
Movement
Making red blood cells
Mineral storage
What does support do for the body
Supports the soft tissue like skin and muscle
What does posture do for our body
Gives the skeleton the correct shape
What is protection in the skeleton
Bones protect vital organs
What is movement in the skeletal system
Muscles attached to the bones can move bones at joints
How is the skeleton used for making red blood cells
Bones contain bone marrow which have red blood cells in them
What minerals do bones store
Calcium, phosphorus
What does a ligament do
Holds bones together to restict how much joints can move
What do tendons do
Attach muscles to bones
What does cartilage do
Acts as cushion between bones
Hinge joint allows movement in
2 directions
What movement do ball and socket have
All directions
What are synovial joints
A joint that allows a wide range of movement and has a joint capsule enclosing it
Structure of a synovial joint (3)
1 end of bones covered in cartilage
2 synovial fluid in joint capsule
3 connected by ligaments
What r the 6 types of joint movement
Flexion
Extension
Rotation
Circumduction
Abduction
Adduction
Main function of deltoids
Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Circumduction
At the shoulder
Main function f the trapezius
Extention at the neck
Main function of the abdominal
Flexion at the waist
Main function of the triceps
Extentions at the elbow
Main function of latissimus dorsi
Extention
Adduction
Rotation
At the shoulder
Main function of the hamstrings
Flexion at the knee
Main function of the gastronemeus
Pointing foot downwards
Main function of the gluteals
Extention
Rotation
Abduction
At the hip
Main function of the quadriceps
Extention at the knee
Main function of the biceps
Flexion at the elbow
Main function of the pectorals
Adduction and flexion horizontally at the shoulder
What are antagonist muscle pairs
Pairs of muscles that work against each other
What is the relaxing muscle called
Antagonist
What’s the contracting muscle called
Agonist
What is the antagonist pair in elbow. What kind of joint move is it
Flexion-agonist-biceps
Antagonist-triceps
Extention-agonist-triceps
Antagonist-biceps
Antagonistic pair in the knee. What type of joint movement
Flexion - agonist - hamstrings
Flexion - antagonist - quadriceps
Extention - agonist - quadriceps
Extention - antagonist - hamstrings
Antagonistic pair in the shoulder
Flexion - agonist - front of detoid
Flexion - antagonist - back of deltoid
Extention - agonist - back of deltoids
Extension- antagonist - front of deltoids
Adduction- agonist - latissimus Dorsi
Abduction- agonist - middle of deltoid
What to muscles need to move
Oxygen
How is oxygen carried to the muscles
Blood being pumped around the body
What is lever
a rigid bar that moves about a fixed point when force is applied to it
The lever arm is
Bone / body part being moved about a point
The straight line
The fulcrum is
Joint where the lever pivots
The triangle
The effort is
The force applied by the muscles to the lever
The arrow
The load is
The resistance against the pull of the muscles on the lever arm
The square
What happens if a lever has mechanical advantage
It can carry a larger load with a smaller effort
Mechanical advantage =
Effort arm ÷ load arm
In a first class lever
The fulcrum in the middle
In a second class lever
Load is in the middle
In a third class lever
Efforts in the middle
The rhyme
1 F neck sometimes
2 L ankle always
3 E knee never
What do plane and axis describe
Direction of movement + movement around a point
Sagittal plane
Divides into left and right
Frontal plane
Divides body front to back
Transverse plane
Divides into top and bottom
Longitudinal axis
Runs through top to bottom
Frontal axis
Runs through front to back
Transverse axis
Runs through left to right
Flexion and extention =
Sagittal
Transverse
Abduction/ Adduction =
Frontal + frontal
Rotation =
Transverse + longitudinal
