Skeletal system Flashcards
Axial skeleton
part of the bony structure of the body that consists of the bones of the skull, the vertebral column, and the rib cage.
Appendicular skeleton
major division of the human skeletal system
Compact bone
denser material used to create much of the hard structure of the skeleton.
Spongy bone
It is less dense than compact bone and has a spongy or porous appearance
short bones
Short bones are small, cube-shaped bones that are primarily designed for strength and stability with limited movement. They have approximately the same width and length, and their structure includes a thin outer layer of compact bone surrounding a spongy interior
Long bones
They provide strength, structure, and mobility
flat bones
are bones that are typically thin, flattened, and slightly curved. They serve to either protect internal organs or provide a connection point for muscles
irregular bones
are a category of bones that:
Do not fit into the typical classifications of long, short, flat, or sesamoid bones.
Have complex shapes with varying projections, ridges, and notches.
Are primarily composed of spongy bone with a thin outer layer of compact bone
Diaphysis
the shaft or central part of a long bone.
Periosteum
a dense layer of vascular connective tissue enveloping the bones except at the surfaces of the joints.
Epiphyseal line
the line marking the site of an epiphyseal plate that has stopped growing and become ossified
Hematoma
localized collection of blood outside the blood vessels
Cranium
top of the head (skull)
Occipital bone
the bone that forms the back and base of the skull, and through which the spinal cord passes through
Vertebral column
It is made up of 33 distinct vertebrae, which are separated into the cervical (neck), thoracic (upper back), lumbar (lower back), sacral (pelvic), and coccygeal (tailbone) areas.
Vertebrae
used as an intensifier, often to qualify a metaphor
Intervertebral discs
a flat, thin, round object:
Cervical vertebrae
bones within the neck.
Thoracic vertebrae
middle section of your spine.
Lumbar vertebrae
bones that make up the spinal column or backbone
Sacrum
a triangular bone in the lower back formed from fused vertebrae and situated between the two hipbones of the pelvis.
Coccyx
a small triangular bone at the base of the spinal column in humans and some apes, formed of fused vestigial vertebrae.
Sternum
the breastbone.
ribs
each of a series of slender curved bones articulated in pairs to the spine (twelve pairs in humans), protecting the thoracic cavity and its organs:
Clavicle
technical term for collarbone
Scapulae
technical term for shoulder blade
Radius
the thicker and shorter of the two bones in the human forearm. Compare with ulna
Humerus
the bone of the upper arm or forelimb, forming joints at the shoulder and the elbow.
Ulna
the thinner and longer of the two bones in the human forearm, on the side opposite to the thumb. Compare with radius
Carpal bones
group of short bones in the human hand that forms the wrist along with the distal ends of the radius and ulna
Pelvic girdle
the enclosing structure formed by the pelvis, providing attachment for the hind limbs or pelvic fins.
Femur
the bone of the thigh or upper hind limb, articulating at the hip and the knee.
Tibia
the inner and typically larger of the two bones between the knee and the ankle (or the equivalent joints in other terrestrial vertebrates), parallel with the fibula
Fibula
the outer and usually smaller of the two bones between the knee and the ankle in humans (or the equivalent joints in other terrestrial vertebrates), parallel with the tibia
