Cardiovascular system Flashcards
apex
The apex is the pointed end of the heart.
base
The base is the broad, flat part of the heart.
pericardium
The pericardium is the fibrous sac surrounding the heart.
atria
The atria are the two upper chambers of the heart.
ventricles
The ventricles are the two lower chambers of the heart.
interatrial septum
The interatrial septum is the wall separating the two atria.
superior venae cavae
The superior venae cavae are large veins that carry deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the heart.
inferior venae cavae
The inferior venae cavae are large veins that carry deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the heart.
pulmonary arteries
The pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.
pulmonary veins
The pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
aorta
The aorta is the largest artery in the body, carrying oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
atrioventricular valves
Atrioventricular valves are valves located between the atria and ventricles.
bicuspid valves
Bicuspid valves, also known as mitral valves, are the valves between the left atrium and left ventricle.
tricuspid valves
Tricuspid valves are the valves between the right atrium and right ventricle.
chordae tendineae
Chordae tendineae are fibrous cords that connect the atrioventricular valves to the heart muscles.
semilunar valves
Semilunar valves are valves located at the exit of the ventricles.
coronary arteries
Coronary arteries supply blood to the heart muscle itself.
cardiac veins
Cardiac veins drain deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle.
coronary sinus
The coronary sinus is a large vein that collects deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle.
sinoatrial node
The sinoatrial node is the heart’s natural pacemaker.
Purkinje fibers
Purkinje fibers are specialized conductive fibers in the heart that help coordinate contractions.
pacemaker
A pacemaker is a device that regulates the heartbeat.
systole
Systole is the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle contracts.
diastole
Diastole is the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle relaxes.
