Flashcards Chapter 1

Question 1

anatomy

Answer 1

the branch of science concerned with the bodily structure of humans, animals, and other living organisms, especially as revealed by dissection and the separation of parts:

Question 2

cell

Answer 2

The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life

Question 2

physiology

Answer 2

the branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts.

Question 3

organelle

Answer 3

any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell.

Question 4

tissue

Answer 4

any of the distinct types of material of which animals or plants are made, consisting of specialized cells and their products:

Question 5

organ

Answer 5

a part of an organism that is typically self-contained and has a specific vital function, such as the heart or liver in humans:

Question 6

organ system

Answer 6

An organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform a specific function in an organism’s body

Question 7

organism

Answer 7

an individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form:

Question 8

metabolism

Answer 8

the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life:

Question 9

negative-feedback mechanisms

Answer 9

Negative feedback mechanism is a regulatory process in biological systems that helps maintain stability and homeostasis

Question 10

homeostasis

Answer 10

Homeostasis is the self-regulating process by which biological systems maintain stability while adjusting to conditions optimal for survival

Question 11

receptor

Answer 11

an organ or cell able to respond to light, heat, or other external stimulus and transmit a signal to a sensory nerve:

Question 12

control center

Answer 12

a place from which an organization, activity, or system is centrally monitored and directed, or where operational devices and controls are housed:

Question 13

effector

Answer 13

any organ or tissue that receives information from the integrating center

Question 14

positive-feedback mechanism

Answer 14

process in which the end products of an action cause more of that action to occur in a feedback loop

Question 15

anatomical position

Answer 15

Anatomical position refers to the specific body orientation used when describing an individual’s anatomy. In this position, the body stands upright, faces forward, and the legs are parallel to one another

Question 16

Superior

Answer 16

structures of the body located above a particular structure.

Question 17

inferior

Answer 17

biology, the term “inferior” refers to structures that are located below or lower than another structure

Question 18

anterior

Answer 18

Anterior refers to the front of the human body when used to describe anatomy. It is the opposite of posterior, which means the back of the human body.

Question 19

posterior

Answer 19

Posterior is a term used in biology and medicine to refer to the back side of things

Question 20

sagittal plane

Answer 20

anatomical boundary that exists between the left and right sides of the body.

Question 21

transverse plane

Answer 21

A transverse plane (also called a horizontal plane) is easy to remember because it is the only plane that runs horizontally, dividing the body or structure into a top (superior) and bottom (inferior) half.

Question 22

frontal plane

Answer 22

The frontal plane, also known as the coronal plane, is an anatomical plane that divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) sections

Question 23

oblique plane

Answer 23

An oblique plane is a plane that can be any angle other than horizontal or vertical

Question 23

serous membranes

Answer 23

a mesothelial tissue which lines certain internal cavities of the body, forming a smooth, transparent, two-layered membrane lubricated by a fluid derived from serum. The peritoneum, pericardium, and pleura are serous membranes.

Question 23

thoracic cavity

Answer 23

Thoracic cavity, the second largest hollow space of the body. It is enclosed by the ribs, the vertebral column, and the sternum, or breastbone, and is separated from the abdominal cavity by the diaphragm.

Question 23

pelvic cavity

Answer 23

cavity within the bones of the pelvis that is continuous above with the abdominal cavity and contains the internal reproductive organs, urinary bladder, sigmoid colon, and rectum.

Question 24

abdominal cavity

Answer 24

large cavity found in the torso of mammals between the thoracic cavity, which it is separated from by the thoracic diaphragm, and the pelvic cavity

Question 25

pleural cavity

Answer 25

fluid filled space that surrounds the lungs. It is found in the thorax, separating the lungs from its surrounding structures such as the thoracic cage and intercostal spaces, the mediastinum and the diaphragm.

Question 25

pericardial cavity

Answer 25

potential space between the opposing layers of the serous pericardium’s parietal and visceral layer.