Skeletal System

Question 1

Functions

Answer 1

Support
Protect vital organs
Movement
Blood formation in the marrow
Electolyte balance - bone stores and releases K and Ca ions
Acid/base balance - bone buffers blood, or maintains neutral pH by absorbtion /release of phosphate and carbonate salts

Question 2

Bone tissue composed of what?

Answer 2

Cells and matrix

Question 3

Osseous matrix composed of what?

Answer 3

1/3 organic collagen
2/3 inorganic hydroxyapatite (crystallized salt made of calcium and phosphate provides strength)

Question 4

Osteogenic cells found where?

Answer 4

In indosteum and inner layer of periosteum

Question 5

Osteoblasts

Answer 5

Non-mitotic (created by osteogenic cells)
Bone-forming, producing organic components of bone tissue

Question 6

Osteocytes

Answer 6

Mature osteoblasts
Become trapped in matrix as bone is formed and matrix is secreted.
Maintains homeostasis of bone material

Question 7

Osteoclasts

Answer 7

Large
Found on bone surface
Have rufled borders increasing surface area to more efficiently re-absorb bone matrix
Arise from fusion of ~4 different stem cells in marrow
Bone-dissolving cells (release hydrochloric acid to dissolve matrix and release calcium and phosphate back into the blood)