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Anatomy & Physiology 2400 > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Skin facts
What percent of bodyweight
How thick

A

Body’s largest and heaviest organ
15% of bodyweight
1-2 mm thick

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2
Q

What is the scientific name for skin?

A

Cutaneous membrane

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3
Q

What lies beneath the dermis?

A

Subcutaneous membrane
(Hypodermis)

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4
Q

6 skin functions

A

Resistance to trauma and infection
Other barrier functions
Vitamin D synthesis
Sensation
Thermoregulation
Non-verbal communication

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5
Q

Epidermis
Structure, unique properties

A

Densely-packed keritanized, stratified squamous epithelium
Dead cells at the surface packed with tough keratin protein
Avascular
Contains sparse nerve endings
Highly mitotic: fastest reproducing cells in the body

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6
Q

Epidermis
4-5 Strata (superficial to deep)

A

Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum (only in thick skin)
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale

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7
Q

Stratum corneum

A

Dead keratinocytes and keratin
Resistant to abrasion, penetration and water loss

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8
Q

Stratum lucidum

A

Only found in thick skin
Contains keratinocytes packed with eladin (clear protein)

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9
Q

Stratum granulosum

A

3-4 layers of keratinocytes
Keratin production!
Keratin combines with lipids to create waterproof barrier for skin
Keratinocytes begin to die here - lack oxygen needed for metabolism

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10
Q

Stratum spinosum

A

Thickest layer (except in thick skin)
Keratinocytes begin to flatten out
Dendritic cells

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11
Q

Dendritic cells

A

Type of white blood cell (macrophage) patrols the skin looking for invading organisms and material but more scout than destroyer

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12
Q

Stratum basale
Structure, types of cells, function

A

Single layer of cells appearing cuboidal at first, become stratified squamous as they move through strata
Mitotic stem cells
Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Tactile cells
Site for new skin cell production

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13
Q

Mitotic stem cells

A

Divide to become keratinocytes

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14
Q

Keratinocytes

A

Basic skin cells layered throughout the strata to form protective thickness of skin

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15
Q

Melanocytes

A

Produce melanin which absorbs UV light and prevents it from going deeper.
All bodies have same number of melanocytes, they produce diff amounts of melanin

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16
Q

Tactile cells

A

Attached to neurons in underlying dermis, allow for sensation

17
Q

Dermal papillae

A

Form the distinct line between the dermis and epidermis
Under the epidermal ridges like legos locking in place

18
Q

Dermis
Name the 2 layers

A

Papillary layer
Reticular layer

19
Q

Dermis
Papillary layer

A

Thin layer near dermal papillae
Consists of areolar connective tissue (abundant blood vessels)

20
Q

Dermis
Reticular layer

A

dense irregular connective tissue

21
Q

Hypodermis (subcutaneous membrane)
Functins
Structure

A

Binds skin to underlying tissue and structures
Has more areolar and adipose tissue than dermis
Highly vascular (provides thermoregulation)
Provides cushion

22
Q

Hair structure
General, then superficial to deep

A

Follicle - entire hollow tube around hair
Bulb - base of hair, only part that contains living hair cells
Root - remaining part of follicle under skin’s surface
Shaft - Exposed on skin’s surface

23
Q

Nail
Extension of what?

A

Stratum corneum

24
Q

Nail
Structure

A

Dead keratinocytes densely packed with parallel, hard keratin fibers

25
Q

Nail
Structure parts

A

Nail plate - visible bit
Nail root - embedded under skin
Nail matrix - consists of stratum basale, site for nail growth

26
Q

Cutaneous glands
2 types and their differences

A

Exocrine: use ducts to transport their products
Endocrine: use blood supply to transport their products

27
Q

Exocrine glands
Sweat glands
Found where?

A

Dermis

28
Q

Sweat glands
2 types

A

Merocrine
Apocrine

29
Q

Merocrine glands
Location - produce what substance

A

In the dermis all over the body. Most numerous glands!
Produce watery perspiration

30
Q

Perspiration contents

A

Water
Sodium Chloride
Potassium
Lactic Acid
Hydrogen Ions (contribute to acid mantle)

31
Q

Apocrine glands
Found where?
Release what?

A

Sweat glands that act as scent glands releasing pheromones
Found in:
Groin
Axilla
Areola
Stimulated in response to stress and sexual stimuli

32
Q

Apocrine gland ducts

A

Lead to nearby hair follicles rather than an independent sweat pore

33
Q

Sebaceous glands
Produce what?
Function
Common problem

A

Sebum
Keeps skin from becoming dry and brittle, makes hair shiny
Ducts usually open into a hair follicle, some directly to the surface.
Acne! Glands producing large amts of sebum that stick to skin cells and plug hair follicle trapping bacteria

34
Q

Ceruminous glands

A

Found only in external ear canal
Produce excretions that combine with sebum to form Cerumen (earwax)
Ducts lead directly to surface of skin
Cerumen functions:
Waterproof ear canal
Keeps eardrum pliable
Kills bacteria

35
Q

Mammary Glands

A

Located in breasts
Produce milk

Anatomy & Physiology 2400 (10 decks)

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