Chapter 1 Presentation Content

Question 1

Anatomy definition

Answer 1

Study of external and internal physical structures of a living organism and how these structures interact with one another.

Origin from Greek “to cut apart”

Microscopic anatomy : structures that must be viewed with a microscope
Macroscopic anatomy: structures that can be seen with the naked eye

Question 2

Physiology definition

Answer 2

The study of the functions and interactions of the components of a living organism

Question 3

SCIENTIFIC METHOD
INDUCTIVE

Answer 3

Observation; rarely manipulating surroundings.
Understandings about anatomy are based on this method

Question 4

SCIENTIFIC METHOD
HYPOTHETICO-DEDUCTIVE

Answer 4

Develop an experiment based on hypothesis. Not a hypothesis if you can’t test it.
Understandings about physiology are based on this method.

Question 5

5 STEPS OF SCIENTIFIC METHOD

Answer 5

1. Form a question or observation
2. Create a method to gather info
3. Interpret the info
4. Formulate a conclusion based on the info
5. Assess the conclusion or use to continue study

Question 6

SCIENTIFIC FACT
LAW OF NATURE
THEORY

Answer 6

FACT: Supported by extensive, comprehensive data, occur the same way every time. Maintain the same properties and behaviors. Verifiable by any trained person.
LAW OF NATURE: Generalization about the ways in which nature operates. Result of inductive method.
THEORY: Statement derived from facts, laws, and hypotheses. A summary of things we currently know to be true.

Question 7

LEVELS OF COMPLEXITY OF MATTER

Answer 7

Atom
Molecule
Micromolecule - smaller molecule (water, salt, etc.)
Macromolecule - DNA, carbohydrates, etc.
Organelles: multi-molecular cell structures within a cell that carry out metabolic functions
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ systems
Organism

Question 8

HOMEOSTASIS

Answer 8

Maintenance of a stable internal environment despite external changes

Failure in homeostasis results in illness or death

Stressor: anything that moves us away from homeostasis. Can be physical or chemical

Question 9

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK LOOP
3 COMPONENTS

Answer 9

Receptor: structure that senses/detects change in body
Integrating center: Part of nervous system that takes in info and decides what should be done
Effector: Cell or organ that acts to counteract change

Question 10

POSITIVE FEEDBACK LOOP

Answer 10

Process that amplifies change (ex childbirth, fever)

Question 11

ANATOMICAL POSITION

Answer 11

Anatomically correct position: provides consistent frame of reference
Standing upright, feet flat on floor, palms and eyes forward