Cytology - Cytoplasm Flashcards
2 COMPONENTS
Cytoplasm
Organelles
Cytosol
The fluid that all the cell contents float in (ICF)
Primarily made of water
Organelles
Living or non-living?
Broad or specific functions?
Non-living!
Have highly specific functions
Many different types occur within the cell
ORGANELLE
NUCLEUS
- Nickname
- What neucleic acid does it contain?
- What is the name of the bilayer membrane that surrounds it?
- Name of innermost part and it’s function
“Control center”
DNA
Nuclear envelope
Nucleolus which produces Ribosomes
ORGANELLES
ER - what does it stand for?
Consists of what?
2 types: Rough & Smooth
Name their properties
Endoplasmic Reticulum
An extensive network of channels called cisternae
Rough ER - continuous with the nuclear envelope and is covered in ribosomes which produce peptides and proteins
Smooth ER - continuous with Rough ER but does NOT contain ribosomes. It detoxifies the cytoplasm
ORGANELLES
Ribosomes
Produced by what?
Found where?
Functions
Produced in the nucleolus of the nucleus
Found free in cytosol and attached to rough ER
Reads the genetic material and produces peptides and proteins based on that code
ORGANELLES
Golgi Complex
Formed by what?
Functions
Small stacks of cisternae
Finishes proteins and peptides synthesis and synthesizes carbs
Golgi vesicles transport completed proteins within the cytoplasm and sometimes through the cell membrane
ORGANELLES
Lysosomes - Specialized Golgi Vesicles
Contain what?
Function
Small hollow pockets that contain up to 50 types of digestive enzymes. They travel through the cell and break down unwanted organelles and particles.
Ex. White blood cells use lysosomes to break down bacteria inside the body
Liver cells use lysosomes to release stored glucose into the blood
ORGANELLES
Peroxisomes
Similar resemblance to what?
Produced by what?
Resemble lysosomes but not produced by Golgi complex
Formed by ER
Help to detoxify cells by producing hydrogen peroxide which breaks down unwanted particles and structures
ORGANELLES
Mitochondria
Shape
What are Cristae?
Function
Oval shape
Internal folds
Synthesize ATP from variety of materials - sugars, fats, proteins.
Cells that require a lot of energy typically contain a lot of mitochondria.
ORGANELLES
Centrioles
Structure description
Short, cylindrical assembly of microtubules (protein bundles)
Found in pairs
Perpendicular to one another
Used in cell division - arrange the components within cytoplasm to make sure cells divide properly
