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Anatomy & Physiology 2400 > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

4 Tissue Types

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nervous

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2
Q

AVASCULAR VS VASCULAR

A

Having a blood supply or not

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3
Q

Where is epithelial tissue found and what are its 6 specific functions?

A

Usually lines surfaces
P-SAFES
Protection
Secretion
Absorption
Filtration
Excretion
Sensation

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4
Q

Distinct properties of epithelial tissue
Structure
Behavior

A

Cells tightly packed with little to no matrix
Basement membrane: deepest point - anchors to underlying tissue
Apical surface: most superficial surface
Highly mitotic

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5
Q

3 classification categories of epithelial tissue and their options

A

Cell shape (squamous, cuboidal, columnar)
Arrangements (simple, stratified)
Exceptions (pseudostratified, transitional)

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6
Q

Simple vs stratified cell arrangement in epithelial tissue

A

Simple - 1 layer
Stratified - 2+ layers

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7
Q

2 Exceptions to classifications of epithelial tissue and their meanings

A

Pseudostratified - Every cell is touching the basement membrane (simple) but the cells are irregular giving the appearance of strata
Transitional - cell shape can vary based on if it’s being compressed (squamous appearance) or not (cuboidal appearance)

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8
Q

Connective tissue
8 specific functions

A

P-METHICS
Physical protection : of vital organs
Movement : bones are levers for muscles to act on
Energy storage : in the form of lipids
Transportation : of nutrients and gases via the blood
Heat production and temperature regulation
Immune protection
Connect: Binding or enclosing organs
Support of the body

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9
Q

Connective Tissue
5 Classifications

A

Fibrous
Adipose
Cartilage
Bone
Blood

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10
Q

Connective Tissue
Structure
Cell/matrix makeup
Blood?

A

Mostly Matrix! Widely-spaced cells. Vascular.

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11
Q

Connective Tissue
Blood
Function, location

A

Transports substances around the body
Contains material that aids in protection from infection (antibodies)

Found in: heart chambers, hollow lumens of blood vessels

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12
Q

Connective tissue
Blood
Structure

A

Liquid matrix (plasma)
Formed elements
White blood cells, red blood cells, platelets

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13
Q

Connective tissue
Cartilage
3 types

A

Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage

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14
Q

Connective tissue
Cartilage
Hyaline

A

Trachea, larynx, fetal skeleton
Fine collagen fibers = glassy appearance

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15
Q

Connective tissue
Cartilage
Elastic

A

Exterior ear, epiglottis
Collagen, elastin fibers. Some elasticity

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16
Q

Connective tissue
Cartilage
Fibrocartilage

A

Spinal discs, knee minisci, pubis smphysis
Long-term durability
Coarse collagen = stronger

17
Q

Connective tissues
Adipose

A

Base of skin, breast area, surrounding some internal organs
Loosely-packed adipocytes that store triglycerides
Provide energy, thermal insulation, protective cushioning

18
Q

Connective tissue
Bone

A

Osteocytes
Strong and flexible matrix (mineral and collagen-rich)
Supports softer tissues, leverage for muscle, protection of some internal organs
BONES ARE ORGANS

19
Q

Fibrous Connective Tissue
6 cell types
3 fiber types + ground substance = matrix

A

6 cell types
Fibroblasts
Mast Cells
Macrophages
Leukocytes
Plasma Cells
Adipocytes

20
Q

Fibrous Connective Tissue
3 Fiber types in matrix

A

Collagenous
Reticular
Elastic

21
Q

Fibrous Connective Tissue
4 types of tissues

A

Areolar
Reticular
Dense Regular
Dense Irregular

22
Q

Fibrous Connective Tissue
Areolar

A

Under all epithelial tissue and surrounding blood vessels and nerves

Provides blood & nutrients to epithelial tissue

Loose collagen & elastic fibers, lots of ground substance & blood vessels

23
Q

Fibrous Connective Tissue
Reticular Tissue

A

Lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow

Loose fiber mesh filters lymphatic fluid
Supportive, spongelike network for lymphatic system

Loose reticular fibers

24
Q

Fibrous Connective Tissue
Dense Regular

A

Tendons & Ligaments

Few cells, lots of collagen & elastic fibers in matrix

Organized, wavy structure

Resists stress in one direction

25
Q

Fibrous Connective Tissue
Dense Irregular

A

Dermis!

Few cells, lots of collagen & elastic fibers in matrix arranged in all directions

Withstands stress in multiple directions

26
Q

Membranes - definition

A

A flat sheet or layer of multiple types of tissues

27
Q

Membranes
5 types

A

Mucous
Serous
Endothelium
Synovial
Cutaneous

28
Q

Membranes
Synovial

A

CONNECTIVE TISSUE ONLY
Secretes synovial fluid to protect joints

29
Q

Membranes
Mucous
All properties, but also name the 3 layers

A

Line passages that open to the exterior of the body (digestive, respiratory, reproductive, urinary)

Epithelial, Areolar, Smooth Muscle

30
Q

Membranes
Endothelium

A

Lines circulatory system vessels

Simple squamous resting on areolar

Allows for exchange of nutrients and gases from blood to surrounding tissues

31
Q

Membranes
Serous
All properties and names of the 2 layers

A

Simple squamous over thin areolar layer

Produces serous fluid (lubrication)

Lines/surrounds organs reducing friction among them

Found in all three primary body cavities

2 layers - Parietal (contacts cavity) Visceral (contacts organ)

32
Q

Membranes
Cutaneous

A

It’s our SKIN!

33
Q

Glands - definition

A

Cells or organs that secrete or excrete substances
Secretion - giving off substances for use elsewhere in the body
ExcretionElimination of waste product

34
Q

Glands
2 types

A

Exocrine - Use ducts to secrete or excrete to nearby surface (sweat, salivary)
Endocrine - secrete hormones into bloodstream for transport to another cell

35
Q

Nervous Tissue
Found where

A

Transmits electrical signals for communication in the body

Contains neurons and neurological cells

Found in: brain, spinal cord, nerves

36
Q

Muscle Tissue
3 types
Specific cell name

A

Myocytes
3 types:
Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac

Anatomy & Physiology 2400 (10 decks)

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