Histology Flashcards
4 Tissue Types
Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nervous
AVASCULAR VS VASCULAR
Having a blood supply or not
Where is epithelial tissue found and what are its 6 specific functions?
Usually lines surfaces
P-SAFES
Protection
Secretion
Absorption
Filtration
Excretion
Sensation
Distinct properties of epithelial tissue
Structure
Behavior
Cells tightly packed with little to no matrix
Basement membrane: deepest point - anchors to underlying tissue
Apical surface: most superficial surface
Highly mitotic
3 classification categories of epithelial tissue and their options
Cell shape (squamous, cuboidal, columnar)
Arrangements (simple, stratified)
Exceptions (pseudostratified, transitional)
Simple vs stratified cell arrangement in epithelial tissue
Simple - 1 layer
Stratified - 2+ layers
2 Exceptions to classifications of epithelial tissue and their meanings
Pseudostratified - Every cell is touching the basement membrane (simple) but the cells are irregular giving the appearance of strata
Transitional - cell shape can vary based on if it’s being compressed (squamous appearance) or not (cuboidal appearance)
Connective tissue
8 specific functions
P-METHICS
Physical protection : of vital organs
Movement : bones are levers for muscles to act on
Energy storage : in the form of lipids
Transportation : of nutrients and gases via the blood
Heat production and temperature regulation
Immune protection
Connect: Binding or enclosing organs
Support of the body
Connective Tissue
5 Classifications
Fibrous
Adipose
Cartilage
Bone
Blood
Connective Tissue
Structure
Cell/matrix makeup
Blood?
Mostly Matrix! Widely-spaced cells. Vascular.
Connective Tissue
Blood
Function, location
Transports substances around the body
Contains material that aids in protection from infection (antibodies)
Found in: heart chambers, hollow lumens of blood vessels
Connective tissue
Blood
Structure
Liquid matrix (plasma)
Formed elements
White blood cells, red blood cells, platelets
Connective tissue
Cartilage
3 types
Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage
Connective tissue
Cartilage
Hyaline
Trachea, larynx, fetal skeleton
Fine collagen fibers = glassy appearance
Connective tissue
Cartilage
Elastic
Exterior ear, epiglottis
Collagen, elastin fibers. Some elasticity
Connective tissue
Cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Spinal discs, knee minisci, pubis smphysis
Long-term durability
Coarse collagen = stronger
Connective tissues
Adipose
Base of skin, breast area, surrounding some internal organs
Loosely-packed adipocytes that store triglycerides
Provide energy, thermal insulation, protective cushioning
Connective tissue
Bone
Osteocytes
Strong and flexible matrix (mineral and collagen-rich)
Supports softer tissues, leverage for muscle, protection of some internal organs
BONES ARE ORGANS
Fibrous Connective Tissue
6 cell types
3 fiber types + ground substance = matrix
6 cell types
Fibroblasts
Mast Cells
Macrophages
Leukocytes
Plasma Cells
Adipocytes
Fibrous Connective Tissue
3 Fiber types in matrix
Collagenous
Reticular
Elastic
Fibrous Connective Tissue
4 types of tissues
Areolar
Reticular
Dense Regular
Dense Irregular
Fibrous Connective Tissue
Areolar
Under all epithelial tissue and surrounding blood vessels and nerves
Provides blood & nutrients to epithelial tissue
Loose collagen & elastic fibers, lots of ground substance & blood vessels
Fibrous Connective Tissue
Reticular Tissue
Lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow
Loose fiber mesh filters lymphatic fluid
Supportive, spongelike network for lymphatic system
Loose reticular fibers
Fibrous Connective Tissue
Dense Regular
Tendons & Ligaments
Few cells, lots of collagen & elastic fibers in matrix
Organized, wavy structure
Resists stress in one direction
Fibrous Connective Tissue
Dense Irregular
Dermis!
Few cells, lots of collagen & elastic fibers in matrix arranged in all directions
Withstands stress in multiple directions
Membranes - definition
A flat sheet or layer of multiple types of tissues
Membranes
5 types
Mucous
Serous
Endothelium
Synovial
Cutaneous
Membranes
Synovial
CONNECTIVE TISSUE ONLY
Secretes synovial fluid to protect joints
Membranes
Mucous
All properties, but also name the 3 layers
Line passages that open to the exterior of the body (digestive, respiratory, reproductive, urinary)
Epithelial, Areolar, Smooth Muscle
Membranes
Endothelium
Lines circulatory system vessels
Simple squamous resting on areolar
Allows for exchange of nutrients and gases from blood to surrounding tissues
Membranes
Serous
All properties and names of the 2 layers
Simple squamous over thin areolar layer
Produces serous fluid (lubrication)
Lines/surrounds organs reducing friction among them
Found in all three primary body cavities
2 layers - Parietal (contacts cavity) Visceral (contacts organ)
Membranes
Cutaneous
It’s our SKIN!
Glands - definition
Cells or organs that secrete or excrete substances
Secretion - giving off substances for use elsewhere in the body
ExcretionElimination of waste product
Glands
2 types
Exocrine - Use ducts to secrete or excrete to nearby surface (sweat, salivary)
Endocrine - secrete hormones into bloodstream for transport to another cell
Nervous Tissue
Found where
Transmits electrical signals for communication in the body
Contains neurons and neurological cells
Found in: brain, spinal cord, nerves
Muscle Tissue
3 types
Specific cell name
Myocytes
3 types:
Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac
