Skeletal System Flashcards
How many bones are there in the adults
206 bones
How many bones are there in the baby
350 bones
What are the two divisions of the skeletal system
The axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton
How many bones are there in the axial skeleton
80 bones
How many bones are there in the appendicular skeleton
126 bones
This includes the spine skull sternum thorax and ribs
Axial skeleton
Connects 2 bones together
Ligaments
Fibrous connective tissues
Ligaments
Shoulder, pectoral girdle rms, legs, feet, pelvic girdle
Appendicular skeleton
Bones are made up of
50% water** and **50% solid calcified osseous tissue
Responsible for bone formation and mineralization
Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
Bome forming cells
Osteoblasts
Matured bone cells
Osteocytes
Involved in the resorption of bone tissue.
Osteoclasts
Breaking down of bone tissue s or demineralised
Osteoclasts
Functions of Bones
Shape, support, and framework** for the body.
- Protection of internal organs.
- Storage of minerals (calcium, phosphorus, salts).
- Hematopoiesis (formation of blood cells in bone marrow).
- Movement by attaching to muscles and forming joints.
formation of blood cells in bone marrow
Hematopoiesis
attaching to muscles and forming joints
Movement
Replaces unhealthy marrow with healthy marrow (used in conditions like leukemia, aplastic anemia, sickle cell anemia
Bome Marrow transplant BMT
-
Femur (thigh bone).
- Tibia (larger shin bone).
- Fibula (smaller shin bone).
- Humerus (upper arm).
- Radius (larger forearm bone).
- Ulna (smaller forearm bone)
Long bones
Long bones
-
Femur (thigh bone).
- Tibia (larger shin bone).
- Fibula (smaller shin bone).
- Humerus (upper arm).
- Radius (larger forearm bone).
- Ulna (smaller forearm bone)
Short bones
Carpal and tarsal
Carpal and tarsal
Short bones
Skull.
Sternum (breastbone).
Ribs.
Scapula (shoulder blade)
Flat Bones
Frontal bones are divided by
Coronal suture
Occipital and 2 parietal are divided by
Lambdoid
Frontal and parietal are divided by
Coronal suture
2 parietal are divided by
Sagital suture
It is the diamond shaped suture that closes within 12-18months
Anterior Fontanelle
Triangular shaped suture that closes within 2 -3 months
Posterior Fontanelle
Odd bones that include Vertebrae** (spinal bones).
- **Pelvic bones*
Irregular bones
Growing end of the bone. It determines your height
Epiphysis
Shaft of the bone it is the longest part
Diaphysis
Outer covering of the bone, line of blood vessels
Periosteum
INNER SPACE containing bone marrow
Medullary cavity
INNER LINING of the medullary cavity.
endosteum
Dense connective tissue** that cushions joints, smooths bone surfaces at joints, and provides shape and support to other body tissues
Cartilage
Fibrous connective tissue** that connects bones at joints
Ligaments
Connect muscle to bone, transmitting the force of muscle contraction.
Tendons
Is a place where two or more bones connects or meet
Joint
No movement (e.g., cranial sutures).
Synarthrosis
Slight movement (e.g., vertebrae).
Amphiarthrosis
Free movement (e.g., knee, hip, elbow).
Diarthrosis
Is the longest heaviest and strongest human bone
Femur
Bending a limb.
Flexion
Straightening a flexed limb.
Extension
Moving away from the midline.
Abduction
Moving toward the midline.
Adduction
Moving in a circular motion.
Circumduction
Turning the palm or foot upward.
Supination
Turning the palm downward.
Pronation
Bending backward.
Dorsiflexion
Moving forward
Protraction
Moving backward.
Retraction
Comprised of vertebrae arranged in four spinal curves for strength and balance:
The vertebral column
A curve has more strength than a straight line so it can support the weight of the body and provide the balance needed to walk
The vertebral column
Cervical curve
7 vertebrae
12 vertebrae
Thoracic curve
5 vertebrae.
Lumbar Curve
Sacrum and coccyx (tailbone).
Sacral curve
Funnel-shaped, heavier and stronger.
Male pelvis
Oval to round, wider.
Female pelvis
Types of pelvises
Gynecoid**, Android, Anthropoid, **Platypelloid*
When the baby’s head is too large or the mother’s pelvis is too small for a natural birth.
Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD)
Breaks in the continuity of the bone
Fractures
bone penetrates skin formerly referred as compound
Open
bone does not penetrate skin). Also referred as simple
Close
Bone frays, hard to repair, breaks like a green twig
Greenstick
How do you treat bone fractures
By reduction and immobilization
Why is there a curvature
For balance of the body
Bone Repair Process**:
Hematoma Formation.>. Callus Formation>. Callus Ossification>. Bone Remodeling
Displacement of bones at a joint
Dislocation
Injury to a ligament caused by tearing fibers.
Sprain
Inflammation of a tendon due to overuse or injury.
Tendinitis
Age-related loss of bone mass/density.
Osteoporosis
Inflammation or swelling of one or more joints.
Arthritis
Softening and weakening of bones in children due to vitamin D deficiency. Called osteomalacia in adults.
Rickets
Birth defect involving incomplete development of the spinal cord or coverings.
Spina Bifida
What forms the pelvic basin
Bones,sacrum and coccyx
Is the lower portion of the trunk of the body
Pelvis
Circular shaped pelvis
Gynecoid
Heart shaped pelvis
Android
Horizontally oval shaped pelvis
Anthropoid
Longitudinal or lateral oval shaped pelvis
Platypelloid
Longitudinal or lateral oval shaped pelvis
Platypelloid
Where our height stops growing
Epiphysial plate
