Muscular System Flashcards
make up 42% of body weight, consisting of long, slender cells known as fibers.
Muscles
Muscular system consist of longs lenders cells that are known as what
Fibers
This connective tissues or fibers that compose the muscles are enclosed by a fibrous sheath
Fascia
Are responsible for all types of body movements they contract or shortens and are the machines of the body
Muscles
What are the three types of muscle tissues
Skeletal smooth and cardiac
Are responsible for movement maintain posture produces heat or maintaining temperature
Muscles
What does muscles do when during cold temperature
They contract to produce heat
This type of muscle tissue are described as it is close or parallel to each other
Skeletal muscle tissue
This type of muscle tissues are described that are filled with woven fibers
Smooth muscle tissue
This type of muscle tissue are described as filled with mitochondria
Cardiac muscle tissue
It is a muscle that a person can control
Voluntary muscle
Movement that a person can control and it is with conscious control
Voluntary muscle
It is a muscle that can functions without a person’s control
Involuntary muscle
Doesn’t have a conscious control and its examples are the heart the lungs the stomach the livers and the diaphragm
Involuntary muscle
voluntary, striated):
- Attached to bones, enabling movement.
- Works in pairs (one muscle contracts, the other relaxes).
- Controlled by the nervous system.
Skeletal muscle
(involuntary):
- Found in internal organs (e.g., stomach, intestines).
- Controls movements within the body.
Smooth muscle
(involuntary, striated):
- Found only in the heart, responsible for pumping blood.
- Controlled by electrical impulses from the heart’s pacemaker (sinoatrial node).
Cardiac muscle
They do not work on isolation
Skeletal muscles
It modifies the four speed direction of movement produced by muscle contraction
Attaching the muscles to a lever
They act as a flexor
Biceps
They act as supports to the flexor or as the extensors
Triceps
Skeletal muscles are attached to and move bones by contracting and relaxing in response to voluntary messages from where?
Nervous system
It is the long cells that composes the skeletal muscle tissue that have a striated appearance
Muscle fibers
Provides skeletal movement control entrances and exits of digestive tract produces heat and support skeletal position to protect soft tissues
Skeletal muscles (700)
Support and positions axial skeleton
Axial muscle
Support move and brace limbs
Appendicular muscle
Harness forces of contraction to perform specific task
Tendons, aponeuroses
What provides to the stimulus
Nerves
How the muscles make up the bulk of the weight in our body
By accumulating 1/3 of the it’s weight
Straight: Elongated long straight
Rectus
Largest or big
Maximus
Located at the hollow organs
Smooth muscle
Located at the temporal bone, helps you squint your eyes
Temporalis
Muscles origin and insertion
Sterno located at the sternum
What’s the shape of deltoid?
Triangular
Fibers run parallel to the muscle’s long axis (most skeletal muscles).
Parallel muscles
Fibers spread out like a fan and converge on a common attachment site.
Convergent muscles
Fibers form an angle with the tendon, producing more tension
Pennate muscles
Surround body openings, acting as valves (e.g., muscles around the mouth orbicularis oris).
Circular muscles
muscles flex or extend bones
flexor* and extensor
Fibers fan out and converge at a common attachment point.
- Example: Pectoralis major.
Convergent muscles**:
Fibers run parallel to the long axis of the muscle.
- Most skeletal muscles fall into this category.
- Examples: Biceps brachii, rectus abdominis.
Parallel muscles
Fibers are arranged at an angle to the tendon.
- Unipennate (one side of the tendon), bipennate (both sides), multipennate (multiple tendons).Example: Deltoid (multipennate).
Pennate muscles
Fibers are arranged at an angle to the tendon.
- Unipennate (one side of the tendon), bipennate (both sides), multipennate (multiple tendons).
Pennate muscles
Fibers are arranged in a circular manner, controlling body openings.
- Example: Orbicularis oris (controls the lips).
Circular muscles**
Types of Muscle Contractions
Isotonic and isometric
Ability to respond to stimuli.
Excitability
Ability to contract. When the actin and myosin filament slide across each other
Contractility
Ability to stretch without damage.
Extensibility
Ability to return to original shape.
Elasticity
Muscles can enlarge (hypertrophy) or shrink (atrophy) based on use
Adaptability
Is attained due to a muscle moving or an attached bone
Movement
IT is the sole fuel to muscle contractions
Atp or Adenosine Triphosphate
Attachment to an immovable bone
Origin
Attachment to a movable bone
Insertion
Muscle shortens, causing movement. Myofilaments are able to slide past each other during contractions
Isotonic contractions
Muscle tension increases during relaxation without shortening.
Isometric contractions
5 body movements
Adduction abduction rotation flexion extension
What are the functions of muscles
Produce movement stabilizes the joint maintain posture generate heat communication and respiration
The ability to adapt and that it can be change in response to how it is used
Adaptability
Muscles are attached to at least two points which are
The origin and insertion
Sense electric shock to the heart of the patient
Defibrillator
Myofilaments are able to slide past each other during contractions and are able to shorten
Isotonic contractions
Tension increases in the muscle and is unable to shortens
Isometric contractions
Even when muscles are not actively moving, some fibers contract to maintain muscle tone.
Muscle tone
Different fibers contract at different times to provide continuous muscle tone.
Involuntary conyrol
occurs if muscles are not used or if they are injured, leading to a loss of muscle tone and shrinking.
Atrophy
occurs if muscles are not used or if they are injured, leading to a loss of muscle tone and shrinking.
Atrophy
- Increasing muscle size (hypertrophy).
- Increasing muscle strength.
- Improving muscle efficiency.
- Making muscles more resistant to fatigue.
Involuntary muscles found in the walls of hollow organs (e.g., intestines, blood vessels).
Smooth muscles
This is called as an involuntary muscle because it works automatically rather than under conscious control
Smooth muscle
Non-striated** and spindle-shaped.
- Functions include moving food through the digestive system and regulating blood flow by controlling blood vessel width.
- Slow, sustained, and tireless contractions.
- Smooth muscles line the stomach, intestines, and bladder.
Smooth muscle
They are single-nucleated.
- Found in the digestive system and blood vessels.
- Help regulate organ functions without conscious control.
Smooth muscles
It makes up the walls of the heart and is part of the muscular system and circulatory system
Cardiac muscle
Involuntary**, striated muscles found only in the heart.
- Myocardium: The thick, muscular layer of the heart wall responsible for heartbeats.
- Controlled by intrinsic electrical impulses from the sinoatrial node (the heart’s natural pacemaker).
- More mitochondria compared to skeletal muscles, allowing continuous energy for heartbeats.
- Intercalated discs connect cardiac muscle cells, ensuring synchronized heartbeats.
Cardiac muscle
Involuntary**, striated muscles found only in the heart.
- Myocardium: The thick, muscular layer of the heart wall responsible for heartbeats.
- Controlled by intrinsic electrical impulses from the sinoatrial node (the heart’s natural pacemaker).
- More mitochondria compared to skeletal muscles, allowing continuous energy for heartbeats.
- Intercalated discs connect cardiac muscle cells, ensuring synchronized heartbeats.
Cardiac muscle
- Striated appearance.
- Single nucleus per cell.
- Steady pace due to the heart’s pacemaker.
Cardiac muscle
Attach muscle to a bone
Tendons
Fibrous sheath that encloses muscles it protects muscle
Fascia
Muscle contractions begin when _______________ it send signals
The nervous system
Where does the signal travel from our nervous system to our body in a single cell
Motor Neuron
Name of the place where motor neuron reaches a muscle cell
Neuromuscular junction
Name of the place where motor neuron reaches a muscle cell
Neuromuscular junction
Fuel to muscle movement and contractions
ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE
Fuels the signal to send information to the stimulus to the brain
Neuro transmitter
When a clot in a blood vessel interrupts the blood flow to the brain a muscle does not receive the signal to contract
A stroke or cerebrovascular accident
Assessing your muscular changes act
FAST
What does FAST stands for
F stands for face
a stands for arms
s stands for speech and
t stands for time
Also known as oculomotor
Extrinsic eye muscle
Originate on the surface of the orbit and controls the position of the eye
Oculomotor muscles or extensic eye muscles
Clenching or grinding of teeth during sleeping
Beaxism
Where does the muscle of mastication move the mandible
Temporo-mandibular joint or tmj
It is the strongest jaw muscle
Masseter
Assist in elevating the mandible by clenching the teeth while resting the hand on the side of the face below and then above the zygomatic arch
Temporalis
As various combinations can elevate depress protract the mandible or slide it from side to side
Pterygoid
Strongest jaw muscle.
Masseter
Elevates the mandible (jaw).
Temporalis
Elevates the mandible (jaw).
Temporalis
Assist in jaw movement (side to side).
Pterygoid
What are the muscle of inspiration in respiration
Diaphragm,external intercostal, pectoralis minor and scalene
What are the muscle of expiration in respiration
Internal intercostal and transverse thoracics
What are the muscles in the pelvic floor
Bulbospongiosus, levator ani, ischiocavernosus, superficial transverse and coccygeus
Also referred as the central tendon in the perineum
Perineal body
Is a fire draw muscular structure located at the middle of the perineum
Perineal body
Nasa allow us to move but sometimes the wear and tear that comes from moving our bodies can lead to disorders of the muscular system
Muscular system pathologies: common disorders and conditions
Caused by overstretching or tearing of muscle fibers.
Strains
A stream muscle or cold muscle is a painful injury that may happen when muscles are overwork or stretched too much or too quickly
Strains
Overuse of tendons may lead to painful swelling and irritation
Tendonitis
is a strong, uncontrolled muscle contraction.
muscle cramp
Is also called median nerve compression occurs when tendons become inflamed causing compression of the median nerve
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Between the carpal ligament which restrains and aligns the tendons that move the hands and fingers
Carpal tunnel
The decrease in size and wasting of muscle tissues
Muscular atrophy
It occurs because of the weakening muscles in the lower abdomen
Inguinal hernia
A bulge occurs in the groin median the aerial between the lower part of the abdomen and tie
Inguinal hernia
A condition in which increase pressure within the muscle compartment of a leave produces ischemia or blood starvation
Compartment syndrome
