Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anaphy Lec > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Skeletal System Function

A

Support
Protection
Movement
Storage
Blood cell production (hematopoiesis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Rigid strong bones – for bearing weight and is the major supporting tissue of the body. Cartilage – provides a firm yet flexible support within certain structures (ex. nose and
external ears).
Ligaments – are strong bands of fibrous connective tissue that attach to bone and hold them together.

A

Support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

for bearing weight and is the major supporting tissue of the body.

A

Rigid strong bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

– are strong bands of fibrous connective tissue that attach to bone and hold them together.

A

Ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The hardness of the bone contributes to its ability to protect the vital organs of the body from injury (ex.cranial bones protect the brain).

A

Protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Skeletal muscles attach to bones by tendons. When muscles contract, they pull on bones and together they produce movement.

A

Movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When muscles —- , they pull on bones and together they produce movement.

A

contract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Fat is stored in the internal cavities of bones.
Stores several minerals especially calcium and phosphorus.
Important in maintaining homeostasis of minerals in the blood with minerals stored in the
bone are released in response to body’s demand.

A

Storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

is stored in the internal cavities of bones.

A

Fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Many bones contain cavities filled with bone marrow that gives rise to blood cells and platelets.

A

Blood cell production (hematopoiesis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Many bones contain cavities filled with —- that gives rise to blood cells and platelets.

A

bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Skeletal System Functions

A

Protects internal organs
Stores and releases fat
Produces blood cells
Stores and releases minerals
Facilitates movement
Support the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The study of bone structure and treatment of bone disorder.

A

OSTEOLOGY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

It refers to the formation of bone by osteoblast.

A

BONE OSSIFICATION (OSTEOGENESIS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

BONE OSSIFICATION

A

(OSTEOGENESIS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

TWO TYPES BONE OSSIFICATION (OSTEOGENESIS)

A

Intramembranous Ossification

Endochondral Ossification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A process of bone development from fibrous membrane.
It is involved in the formation of the flat bones of the skull, the mandible and clavicles.

A

Intramembranous Ossification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Bones involved in Intramembranous Ossification

A

flat bones of the skull, the mandible and clavicles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A process of bone development from hyaline cartilage.
All of the bones of the body, except for the flat bones of the skull, mandible and clavicles
are formed.

A

Endochondral Ossification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

is secreted within the fibrous membrane.

A

Bone matrix (osteoid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

• begin to secrete osteold, which is mineralized within a few days.

A

Osteoblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

• Trapped osteoblasts become —.

A

osteocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

An — appears in the fibrous connective tissue membrane.
• Selected centraily located mesenchymal cells cluster and differentiate into osteoblasts, forming an —-.

A

ossification center

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Accumulating osteoid is laid down between embryonic blood vessels, which form a random network. The result is a —-.

A

network (instead of lamellae) of trabeculae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

• Vascularized mesenchyme condenses on the external face of the —- and becomes the ——.

A

woven bone, periosteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

just deep to the periosteum thicken, forming a woven bone collar that is later replaced with mature lamellar bone.

A

Trabeculae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

• consisting of distinct trabeculae, persists internally and its vascular tissue becomes red marrow.

A

Spongy bone (diploë),

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Bone growth occur by:

A

Appositional Growth
Endochondral Growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

It refers to the formation of new bone on the surface of existing bone.

A

Appositional Growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

results as osteoblasts deposit new bone matrix on the surface of bones between the periosteum and the existing bone matrix.

Responsible for the increase in width or diameter of long bones and most growth of other
bones.

A

Appositional growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Osteoblasts beneath the periosteum secrete bone matrix, forming ridges that follow the course of periosteal blood vessels.

As the bony ridges enlarge and meet, the groove containing the blood vessel becomes a tunnel.

The periosteum lining the tunnel is transformed into an endosteum and the osteoblasts just deep to the tunnel endosteum secrete bone matrix, narrowing the canal.

As the osteoblasts beneath the endosteum form new lamellae, a new osteon is created.

Meanwhile new circumferential lamellae are elaborated beneath the periosteum and the process is repeated, continuing to enlarge bone diameter.

A

Appositional Growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

It refers to the growth of cartilage in the epiphyseal plate and its eventual replacement by bone.

A

Endochondral Growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Responsible for the increase in the length of the bone.

Bones continue to grow in length until early childhood, the rate of growth is controlled by
hormones.

A

Endochondral Growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Bones continue to grow in length until early childhood, the rate of growth is controlled by

A

hormones

35
Q

Growth
Bone grows in length because:
1. Cartilage
Grows here
2. Cartilage replaced by bone here
3. Cartilage grows here
4. Cartilage replaced by bone here

Remodelling
Growing shaft is remodeled by :
1. Bone resorbed here
2. Bone added by appositional growth here
3. Bone resorbed here

A

Endochondral Growth

36
Q

It involves the removal of old bone by cells called osteoclast and the deposition of new bone by osteoblast.

It occurs in all bone.

A

Bone Remodeling

37
Q

Remodeling is responsible for:

A

Bone growth
Changes in bone shape
Adjustment of bone to stress
Bone repair
Calcium ion regulation

38
Q

Bone remodeling involves the removal of old bone by cells called —— and the deposition of new bone by —-.

A

osteoclast, osteoblast

39
Q

Bone remodeling Consists of three consecutive phases:

A

Resorption
Reversal
Formation

40
Q

– during which osteoclasts digest old bone.

A

Resorption

41
Q

when mononuclear cells appear on the bone surface.

A

Reversal

42
Q

when osteoblasts lay down new bone until the resorbed bone is completely replaced.

A

Formation

43
Q

A process in which a bone repairs itself following a bone fracture.
When a bone is broken, a clot forms in the damaged area.
Callus forms, the zone of tissue repair between the two bone fragments.
Osteoblasts enter the callus and form cancellous bone.
The cancellous bone is slowly remodeled to form compact bone and the repair is complete.

A

Bone Repair (Healing)

44
Q

When a bone is broken, a —- forms in the damaged area.

A

clot

45
Q

the zone of tissue repair between the two bone fragments.

A

Callus

46
Q

Osteoblasts enter the callus and form —-.

A

cancellous bone

47
Q

The cancellous bone is slowly remodeled to form —- and the repair is complete.

A

compact bone

48
Q

Bone repair (healing)

A

Hematoma formation

Callus formation

Callus ossification

Bone remodeling

49
Q

serves as the major storage site for calcium.

A

Bone

50
Q

The movement of calcium in and out of bone helps determine.

A

blood calcium levels

51
Q

Calcium moves — bone as —- build new bone.

Calcium move — of bone as —- break down bone.

A

into, osteoblasts

out, osteoclasts

52
Q

Calcium homeostasis is maintained by —— and ——.

A

parathyroid hormone, calcitonin

53
Q

is maintained by parathyroid hormone and calcitonin.

A

Calcium homeostasis

54
Q

Osteoclasts break down bone and release calcium into the blood, and osteoblasts remove
calcium from the blood to make bone. PTH regulates blood calcium levels by indirectly stimulating osteoclast activity, resulting in increased calcium release into the blood. Calcitonin plays a minor role in calcium maintenance by inhibiting osteoclast activity.

In the kidneys, PTH increases calcium reabsorption from the urine

In the kidneys, PTH also promotes the formation of active vitamin D, which increases calcium
absorption from the small intestine.

A

Bone and Calcium Homeostasis

55
Q

A form of short-limbed dwarfism.
literally means “without cartilage formation”.
the problem is not in forming cartilage but in converting it to bone.

A

ACHONDROPLASIA

56
Q

Achondroplasia literally means

A

“without cartilage formation”.

57
Q

Also known as brittle bone disease. A genetic disorder that results from a lack of protein collagen producing very brittle bones that are easily fractured.

A

OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA

58
Q

OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA Also known as.

A

brittle bone disease

59
Q

Bones of children are inadequately mineralized causing softened, weakened bones. Bowed legs and deformities of the pelvis, skull, and rib cage are common.

Caused by insufficient calcium in the diet, or by vitamin D deficiency.

A

RICKETS

60
Q

Bones are inadequately mineralized causing softened, weakened bones. Main symptom is pain when weight is put on the affected bone.

Caused by insufficient calcium in the diet, or by vitamin D deficiency.

A

OSTEOMALACIA

61
Q

Infection in bone caused by Staphylococcus bacteria.
The bacteria can enter a bone by : the bloodstream, injuries and surgery.

A

OSTEOMYELITIS

62
Q

Osteomyelitis caused by

A

Staphylococcus bacteria.

63
Q

Group of diseases in which bone reabsorption outpaces bone deposit.
Spongy bone of the spine is most vulnerable.
Occurs most often in postmenopausal women.
Bones become so fragile that sneezing or stepping off a curb can cause fractures.

A

OSTEOPOROSIS

64
Q

OSTEOPOROSIS occurs most often in

A

Postmenopausal women

65
Q

Lateral curvature of the central part of the spine.

A

SCOLIOSIS

66
Q

The condition, scoliosis is brought on by:

A
  1. congenitally malformed vertebra
  2. chronic sciatica
  3. paralysis of muscles on one side of the backbone
  4. poor posture
67
Q

It refers to a break in a bone.

Common types of fractures include simple, compound, compression, comminuted and greenstick

A

Fracture

68
Q

Bone breaks into many fragments.

Particularly common in the aged, whose bones are more brittle.

A

Comminuted

69
Q

Bone is crushed. (i.e., osteoporotic bones).

Common in porous bones

A

Compression

70
Q

Broken bone portion is pressed inward.

Typical of skull fracture.

A

Depressed

71
Q

Broken bone ends are forced into each other.

Commonly occurs when one attempts to break a fall with outstretched arms

A

impacted

72
Q

Ragged break occurs when excessive twisting forces are applied to a bone.

Common sports fracture.

A

Spiral

73
Q

Bone breaks incompletely, much in the way a green adults.

Common in children, whose bones are more flexible than those of

A

Greenstick

74
Q

Common types of fractures include

A

simple
compound
compression
comminuted
greenstick

75
Q

It literally means “joint inflammation”, however some forms could affect the skin and internal organs.
It is marked by pain, stiffness and swelling of the affected joint. It may include one or several joints.

A

ARTHRITIS

76
Q

Arthritis literally means

A

joint inflammation”

77
Q

Commonly known as “wear and tear” arthritis
A degenerative joint disease in which the cartilage that covers the ends of the bones in the joint deteriorates.

Symptoms include: pain, restriction of movement, formation of hard nobs.

A

OSTEOARTHRITIS

78
Q

Osteoarthritis Commonly known as

A

“wear and tear” arthritis

79
Q

An active chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease affecting synovial membrane.

A

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

80
Q

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS affects?

A

Synovial membrane

81
Q

A disease associated with an inborn error of uric acid metabolism.

A

GOUTY ARTHRITIS

82
Q

An acute or chronic inflammation of the bursa (a small sac filled with fluid and located at friction points).

A

BURSITIS

83
Q

(a small sac filled with fluid and located at friction points).

A

bursa

Anaphy Lec (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions