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Anaphy Lec > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

is an organ system consist of skin and its accessory parts namely hair, nails, and exocrine glands.

A

Integumentary System

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2
Q

FUNCTIONS OF INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

A

S e n s a t i o n
H e a t r e g u l a t i o n
A b s o r p t i o n
P r o t e c t i o n
E x c r e t i o n
S t o r a g e of fats

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3
Q

The skin is consists of three layers, the

is not strictly a part of the skin, although the border between the hypodermis and dermis can be difficult to distinguish.

A

Epidermis and Dermis

Hypodermis

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4
Q

Cells of the epidermis
- for keratin
- for melanin
- for fighting pathogens
- for sensory

A

Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Langerhans’ cells
Merkel’s cells

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5
Q

outermost layer of skin, provides a waterproof barrier and creates our skin tone

A

Epidermis

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6
Q

beneath the epidermis, contains tough connective tissue, hair follicles, and sweat glands

A

dermis

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7
Q

Contains 2 layer, somewhat flexible to withstand trauma
Seen in fingerprint

A

Dermis

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8
Q

2 layers of dermis

It is made up of a thin upper layer,

and thick lower layer called the

A

papillary dermis

reticular dermis

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9
Q

deeper subcutaneous tissue is made of fat and connective tissue. It is well-vascularized,
with loose, areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue, for fat storage and provides insulation and act as cushioning for the integument.

A

Hypodermis

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10
Q

Fat tissues

A

Adipose tissues

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11
Q

Layers of Epidermis

A

Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale

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12
Q

Also known as stratum germinativum; it is the deepest layer of
epidermis

Regeneration of cells through mitosis, *made up of dead cells

A

Stratum basale

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13
Q

spiny layer of the epidermis.

A

Stratum spinosum

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14
Q

composed of layers of flattened keratinocytes undergoing apoptosis. Likewise it has a lamellar granules that release lip-rich secretion for water- repellent sealant to a skin.

For protection

A

Stratum granulosum

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15
Q

Clear, clear in microscope

A

Lucid

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16
Q

thickened skin of the palms and soles, composed of 4-6 layers of flat dead cells.

A

Stratum lucidum

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17
Q

outermost layer of the epidermis, which is formed by the
accumulations of dead cells (keratinocyte) in the outermost epidermis,
that are eventually shed. The rate of cell division increases where the
skin is rubbed or where pressure is applied to the skin regularly,
causing growth of thickened area called calluses on the palms and
soles, and keratinized conical masses on the toes called corns.

A

Stratum corneum

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18
Q

growth of thickened area called ____ on the palms and
soles, and keratinized conical masses on the toes called ____.

A

calluses

corns

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19
Q

Layer of epidermis that is subject to trauma and friction

A

Stratum corneum

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20
Q

dermis is the part of skin also known as.

A

corium

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21
Q

This layer is made of loose, areolar connective tissue. , Its
superficial layer projects into the stratum basale of the epidermis
to form finger-like dermal papillae.

A

Papillary layer

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22
Q

much thicker layer of dermis consists of dense,
irregular connective tissue.

A

Reticular layer

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23
Q

This layer is well vascularized and has
a rich sensory and sympathetic nerve supply.

appears reticulated (net-like) due to a tight meshwork of fibers.

A

Reticular layer

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24
Q

It refers to a bluish cast to the skin and mucous
membranes.

A

cyanosis

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25
Q

is when there is a bluish
discoloration to your hands
or feet. It’s usually caused
by low oxygen levels in the
red blood cells or problems
getting oxygenated blood to
your body

A

Peripheral cyanosis

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26
Q

the skin and whites of the eyes
look yellow.

A

Jaundice

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27
Q

Jaundice occurs when there is
too much _____ (a yellow pigment) in the
blood, a condition called ______.

A

bilirubin

hyperbilirubinemia

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28
Q

came from the Greek
erythros, meaning red.

A

Erythema

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29
Q

It is redness of the skin or
mucous membranes,
caused by _______
(increased blood flow) in
superficial capillaries. It
occurs with any skin injury,
infection, or inflammation.

A

Erythema

hyperemia

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30
Q

Greek, meaning red

A

erythros

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31
Q

Common in pneumonia (oxygen level in color of nails)

A

Cyanosis

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32
Q

Found in disorder of liver - cirrhosis , hepatitis , stones in gallbladder

A

Jaundice

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33
Q

is a damage to body’s tissues caused by heat, chemicals,
electricity, sunlight, or radiation.

A

burn

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34
Q

Level of burns

A

First-degree burns
Second-degree burns
Third-degree burns

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35
Q

also known as “superficial burn” characterized by redness, minor swelling, pain and non-blistered skin.

A

First-degree burns:

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36
Q

more serious because the damage extends beyond the top layer of skin. with blisters and some
thickening of the skin.

A

Second-degree burns:

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37
Q

widespread thickness with a white, leathery appearance

A

Third-degree burns:

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38
Q

It is a genetic disorder that affects
(completely or partially) the color of skin, hair, and eyes due to the inability of melanocytes to produce melanin.

Anak araw

A

Albinism

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39
Q

Also called pressure ulcers and
decubitus ulcers. Its refer to injuries
to skin and underlying tissue resulting
from prolonged pressure on the skin.

Problem for paralyzed people

A

Bed Sores

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40
Q

Also known as acne vulgaris, which
occurs when hair follicles are clogged
with dead skin cells and oil from the skin.
It is characterized by blackheads or
whiteheads, pimples, oily skin, and
possible scarring

A

Acne

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41
Q

Other name for acne

A

Acne vulgaris

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42
Q
  • bacteria in acne
A

Propionibacterium acnes

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43
Q

is a very contagious disease caused by the
varicella-zoster virus (VZV). It
causes a blister-like rash, itching,
tiredness, and fever.

A

(Varicella) Chickenpox

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44
Q

Virus in chicken pox

A

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV)

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45
Q

It is an acute infection
characterized by painful
inflammation of an
individual nerve and skin
surface that is supplied by
the nerve.

A

Shingles

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46
Q

It is caused by the
varicella-zoster virus, the
same virus that causes
chickenpox.

A

Shingles

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47
Q

A common and highly
contagious skin infection
usually affecting infants and
children.

A

Impetigo

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48
Q

• It usually appears as red
sores on the face, especially
around a child’s nose and
mouth, and on hands and
feet.

• The sores burst and develop
honey-colored crusts.

A

Impetigo

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49
Q

This is also known as rubella, which is a viral
infection that causes a red rash on the body,
fever, and swollen lymph nodes.

A

German Measles

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50
Q

It can be spread from person to person through
contact with droplets from an infected person’s
sneeze or cough.

A

German Measles

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51
Q

Other name for german measles

A

Rubella

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52
Q

It is a skin condition characterized by the extra skin cells that form
scales and red patches which are itchy and sometimes painful.

• This results from the rapid build up of skin due to speeds up life
cycle of skin cells.

A

Psoriasis

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53
Q

• Common signs and symptoms are:
• red patches of skin covered with thick, silvery scales;
• small scaling spots (commonly seen in children); dry,
• cracked skin that may bleed;
• itching, burning or soreness thickened, pitted or ridged nails; and
• swollen and stiff joints

A

Psoriasis

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54
Q

is a surgical procedure due to burns,
injury, or illness. It involves removing skin from one
area of the body and moving it, or transplanting it, to
a different area of the body.

A

Skin grafting

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55
Q

Two types of skin grafting

A

Split/partial thickness graft
Ful-thickness graft

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56
Q

It involves removing the top layer of the skin the epidermis
and middle layer of the dermis from the donor site and
transplanted to the damaged area.

A

Split/partial thickness graft

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57
Q

It involves removing all of the epidermis and dermis from
the donor site, and are usually taken from the abdomen,
groin, forearm, or area above the clavicle (collarbone).

A

Full-thickness graft

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58
Q

It refers to any damage or break in soft tissues of the body. It can be classified by several methods.

A

Wounds

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59
Q

Based on Soft Tissues Injury

A

Open wounds
Close wounds

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60
Q

A type of soft tissue injuries
that involve an external or
internal break in body tissue,

A

Open Wounds

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61
Q

A type of soft tissue injuries where
the skin’s surface is not broken; It
can be internal or external. Ex:
bruise.

A

Close Wounds

62
Q

Classification of Open wounds according to the object that caused it:

A

Abrasion
Laceration
Avulsion
Incision
Puncture
Amputation

63
Q

A superficial wounds in which the
uppermost layer of the skin is
scraped off

A

Abrasion

64
Q

It is an irregular tear-like wounds
caused by some blunt trauma.

A

Laceration

65
Q

It is an injury in which a body part is
torn off due to either trauma or
surgery.

A

Avulsion

66
Q

A wound caused by a clean, sharp-
edged object such as a knife, a razor
or a glass splinter.

A

Incision

67
Q

It is caused by an object
puncturing the skin such as a nail
or needle.

A

Puncture

68
Q

It refer to the removal of a limb
due to trauma, medical illness, or
surgery.

A

Amputation

69
Q

Classification of Closed Wound

A

Contusions
Seroma
Hematoma
Crush injuries

70
Q

It is a blunt trauma causing
pressure damage to the skin
and / or underlying tissues
(includes bruises

Blisters: fluid filled pockets
under the skin

A

Contusions

71
Q

It is a blood filled area that
develops under the skin or body
tissue (occur due to internal
blood vessel damage to an
artery or vein)

A

Hematoma

72
Q

It is a fluid filled area that
develops under the skin or
body tissue (commonly
occur after blunt trauma or
surgery)

A

Seroma

73
Q

It is a type of closed wound
that can be caused by
extreme forces, or lesser
forces over a long period of
time.

A

Crush injuries

74
Q

It is a complex process in which the skin, and the tissues under it, repair themselves after injury. The four phases are: Hemostasis (blood clotting); Inflammation (localized swelling,controls bleeding and prevents infection) ; Proliferation (tissue growth); and Maturation (tissue remodeling)

A

WOUND HEALING

75
Q

The four phases of wound healing are:

(blood clotting);
(localized swelling,controls bleeding and prevents infection) ;
(tissue growth); and
(tissue remodeling)

A

Hemostasis

Inflammation

Proliferation

Maturation

76
Q

develop in the fetus as epidermal down growths that invade
the underlying dermis.

A

Hairs

77
Q

The hair is important for the following reasons:

A

Protection

Regulation of body temperature

Act as sense organs

Facilitation of evaporation of perspiration

78
Q

Hairs located in eyebrows and eyelashes protect the eyes from foreign particles, as does hair in the nostrils & in the external ear canal.

A

Protection

79
Q

Hair on the head guards the scalp from injury& sun’s rays.
It also decreases heat loss from the scalp.

A

Regulation of body temperature

80
Q

Touch receptors associated with hair follicles (hair root plexuses) are activated whenever a hair is even slightly moved. Thus, hair function in sensing light touch

A

Act as sense organs

81
Q

Types of Human Hair

A

Lanugo hair

Vellus hair

Terminal hair

82
Q

It refer to fine, downy, unpigmented hair that appears on the fetus in the last three months of development

A

Lanugo hair

83
Q

It refer to fine, pale hair that replaces lanugo by the time of birth, and makes up two thirds of the hair on women and one-tenth of the hair on men; makes up all of the hair on the body of children except for eyelashes, eyebrows, and scalp

A

Vellus hair

84
Q

It is the longer, coarser, and usually more heavily pigmented hair located in eyebrows, eyelashes, and hair on scalp and forms the axillary and pubic hair after puberty

A

Terminal hair

85
Q

This is an autoimmune disease with non-scarring hair loss in single or multiple areas of the scalp,
face or body. It has two kinds: the alopecia totalis which is a complete loss of hair on the scalp and
alopecia universalis, which is the loss of hair in the entire body .

A

Alopecia areata

86
Q

two kinds of alopecia areata: the _____ which is a complete loss of hair on the scalp and
_____, which is the loss of hair in the entire body .

A

alopecia totalis

alopecia universalis

87
Q

A condition characterized by excessive body hair in men and women on parts of the body where
hair is normally absent or minimal, such as on the chin, chest, face or body.

A

Hirsutism

88
Q

A horny covering protecting the upper surface of the tip of the finger and toe in humans and
other primates

A

NAILS

89
Q

It refer to depressions that
run across fingernail which
can be a sign of
malnourishment and other
conditions

A

Beau’s lines

90
Q

Thickening and curving of nail
around fingertips, which can be
the result of low oxygen in the
blood and is associated with
cardiovascular diseases,
inflammatory bowel disease,
liver disease and others.

A

Clubbing

91
Q

A condition where fingernails
have raised ridges and scoop
outward, like spoons. It can be a
sign of iron deficiency anemia,
heart disease and other medical
condition

A

Koilonychia/spooning

92
Q

It refer to lines on the nail usually
the result of a minor trauma and
are harmless in healthy
individuals. Sometimes it is
associated with poor health or
nutritional deficiencies.

A

Leukonychia/white spots

93
Q

These are sensory receptors in the dermis include the Meissner’s corpuscle (detect light motion against the skin), the Pacinian corpuscle (detect deep pressure, high frequency vibration); the Ruffini corpuscle (detect deep pressure, stretch); the hair root plexus (detect movements of hair); and a number of free nerve ending types. Free nerve endings are thought to be integrated with a variety of sensations including pain,
heat, cold, and touch

A

Cutaneous Sensory Receptors

94
Q

Cutaneous Sensory Receptors

detect light motion against the skin

A

Meissner’s corpuscle

95
Q

Cutaneous Sensory Receptors

(detect deep pressure, high frequency vibration

A

Pacinian corpuscle

96
Q

Cutaneous Sensory Receptors

detect deep pressure, stretch

A

Ruffini corpuscle

97
Q

Cutaneous Sensory Receptors

detect movements of hair

A

hair root plexus

98
Q

Cutaneous Sensory Receptors

are thought to be integrated with a variety of sensations including pain,
heat, cold, and touch.

A

Free nerve endings

99
Q

It is a microscopic exocrine glands
that secrete an oily or waxy matter,
called sebum, consist of lipids and
some proteins.

A

Sebaceous Glands

100
Q

• It function to lubricate and waterproof
the skin and hair of mammals.

A

Sebaceous Glands

101
Q

oily or waxy matter

A

Sebum

102
Q

are specialized sudoriferous glands (sweat glands) located subcutaneously
in the external auditory canal, in the outer 1/3.

• are simple, coiled, tubular glands made up of an
inner secretory layer of cells and an outer
myoepithelial layer of cells. They are classed
as apocrine glands.

A

Ceruminous glands

103
Q

Ceruminous glands are classed as

A

apocrine glands.

104
Q

(sweat glands)

A

sudoriferous glands

105
Q

A type of exocrine glands which are enlarged
and modified sweat glands and are the
characteristic of mammals.

• It is potentially functional in women during
childbearing years under the stimulation of
ovarian and pituitary hormones.

A

Mammary Gland

106
Q

• is known as secretion of mammary
glands.

A

Lactation

107
Q

Sudoriferous/Sweat Glands

A

Eccrine Sweat Glands

Apocrine Sweat Glands

108
Q

• It is distributed all over the body and numerous in the palm of
the hands, soles of the feet, and the forehead.

• It discharge the secretions directly to the surface of the skin and
function to regulate the temperature of the body by cooling it
from the outside heat. It also helps in elimination of excess salt
and other electrolytes in the body.

A

Eccrine Sweat Glands

109
Q

• These glands are found in the armpits and larger in size than
eccrine sweat glands.
• It start function only after a person has attained puberty.
• It produce a secretion which is viscous and cloudy in nature and
end in the canals of hair follicles instead of pores.

A

Apocrine Sweat Glands

110
Q

Glands

A

Sebaceous Glands
Ceruminous Glands
Mammary Gland
Sudoriferous/Sweat Glands

111
Q

, also known as acne vulgaris, is a long-term skin disease that occurs when hair follicles are clogged with
dead skin cells and oil from the skin. It is characterized by blackheads or whiteheads, pimples, oily skin, and
possible scarring.

A

Acne

112
Q

also known as tinea pedis, is a fungal infection that usually begins between the
toes. It commonly occurs in people whose feet have become very sweaty while confined within
tightfitting shoes.

Signs and symptoms include a scaly rash that usually causes
itching, stinging and burning.

A

Athlete’s foot

113
Q

Athlete’s foot other name

A

Tinea pedis

114
Q

is a localized skin infection that starts in a hair follicle or oil gland. It is characterized by
reddening of skin in the area of infection, tender lump and presence of pus. Also known as
furuncle.

A

Boil

115
Q

, are thick, hardened layers of skin that develop in the skin tries to
protect itself against friction and pressure.

A

Callus and corns

116
Q

is also known as a pressure ulcer, pressure sore, or bedsore. It’s an open
wound on the skin from continual pressure on a localized portion of it.

A

Decubitus ulcer

117
Q

Names for bed sore

A

Decubitus ulcer
pressure ulcer,
pressure sore,

118
Q

, is a small growth with a rough texture that can appear anywhere on the body. It is
caused by viruses in the human papillomavirus (HPV) family.

A

Wart

119
Q

Virus in wart

A

viruses in the human papillomavirus (HPV) family.

120
Q

Affects only the outer layer of the skin (epidermis).
- It may cause redness and pain.

A

1st-degree burn

121
Q

vary depending on how deep the skin damage is. It can take a day or two for the signs and symptoms of a severe burn to develop.

A

Burn symptoms

122
Q

Affects both the epidermis and the second layer of skin (dermis).
- It may cause swelling and red, white or splotchy skin.

A

2nd-degree burn

123
Q
  • Blisters may develop, and pain can be severe.
  • Deep can cause scarring.
  • They may be caused by very hot water, open flames, hot objects, sun, chemicals, or electricity.
A

second-degree burns

124
Q

Reaches to the fat layer beneath the skin.
- Burned areas may be black, brown or white.
- The skin may look leathery.
- Can destroy nerves, causing numbness.

A

3rd-degree burn

125
Q

Signs that may indicate melanoma

Characteristics:

A

Asymmetrical shape.
Changes in color.
Changes in size.
Changes in symptoms.
Unusual border.

126
Q

Look for moles with unusual shapes, such as two very different-looking halves.

A

Asymmetrical shape.

127
Q

Look for growths that have many colors or unusual color patterns.

A

Changes in color.

128
Q

Look for new growth in a mole larger than 1/4 inch (about 6 millimeters).

A

Changes in size.

129
Q

Look for changes in symptoms, such as new itchiness or bleeding.

A

Changes in symptoms.

130
Q

Look for moles with unusual, notched or scalloped borders.
Moles that become cancers can all look very different. Some may show all of the changes listed above, while others may have only one or two unusual characteristics.

A

Unusual border.

131
Q

is activated to fight infectious agents in the wound and to help the repair process.

A

An inflammatory response

132
Q

• the substitution of viable cells for dead cells.
• can occur by regeneration or by fibrosis.

A

Tissue Repair

133
Q

Tissue Repair can occur by

A

regeneration or by fibrosis/replacement.

134
Q

the new cells are the same type as those that were destroyed, and normal function is usually restored.

A

regeneration

135
Q

a new type of tissue develops that eventually causes scar production and the loss of some tissue function.

A

fibrosis, or replacement

136
Q

• The _ and the _ determine the type of tissue repair that dominates.

A

tissues involved, severity of the wound

137
Q

SLOWLY-ADAPTING
SMALL RECEPTIVE FIELDS

A

MERKEL’S DISCS

138
Q

RAPIDLY-ADAPTING
SMALL RECEPTIVE FIELDS

A

MEISSNER’S CORPUSCLE

139
Q

RAPIDLY-ADAPTING
LARGE RECEPTIVE FIELDS

A

PACINIAN CORPUSCLE

140
Q

SLOWLY-ADAPTING
LARGE RECEPTIVE FIELDS

A

RUFFINI’S ENDING

141
Q

• usually on toes and non-weight bearing areas of the feet
• usually very painful when pressed
It is caused by pressure & friction

A

CORN

142
Q

smaller, round, well defined

A

Corn

143
Q

• usually on weight bearing areas such as soles of the feet (ball of feet, heels). can also form on elbows, hands, ankles due to high pressure to that area

It is caused by pressure & friction

A

CALLUS

144
Q

larger and more diffused
and they vary in size

A

Callus

145
Q

• can be anywhere on the feet or other parts of the body
• Specific only for _ and not for corns or calluses is that they have small capillaries growing thru them and that is why many times when they are shaved you can see pinpoint bleeding
• It is caused by a virus

A

WART

146
Q

round or diffuse

A

Wart

147
Q

Other name for stratum basale

A

Stratum germinativum

148
Q

are long, narrow
streaks, stripes, or lines that
develop on the skin. They occur
when the skin is suddenly
stretched and are extremely
common

Pregnancy and chubbiness

A

Stretch marks

149
Q

A skin condition in which melanocytes
in certain areas lose the ability to
produce melanin, possibly due to an
autoimmune reaction that leads to loss
of color in patches

A

Vitiligo

150
Q

It is also known as
malignant melanoma, is a type of
cancer that develops from the pigment-
containing cells known as
melanocytes.

A

melanoma

151
Q

melanoma also known as

A

Malignant melanoma

152
Q

Boil is also known as

A

Furuncle

Anaphy Lec (8 decks)

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