Articular System Flashcards
Pivot joint
(b/w vertebrae)
Hinge joint
(b/w humerus + ulna)
Saddle joint
(b/w metacarpal + carpal)
Ball & socket joint
(b/w hip + femur)
Condyloid joint
(b/w metacarpal + phalanx)
Plane joint
(b/w tarsals)
It is defined as the physical connection between two bones.
Articulation or Joint
FUNCTIONS of ARTICULAR SYSTEM:
It holds bones together.
It allows movement.
It makes bone growth possible.
The science that deals with the study of joints.
ARTHROLOGY
Classification of Joints
Functional Classification
Structural Classification
Focuses on the degree of motion at each joint.
It Includes:
Synarthrosis – immovable joint (ex, skull)
Amphiarthrosis – slightly movable joint (ex. between vertebrae)
Diarthrosis – freely movable joint ( ex. knee, elbow, wrist)
Functional Classification
– immovable joint (ex,)
– slightly movable joint (ex.)
– freely movable joint ( ex.)
Synarthrosis , skull
Amphiarthrosis, between vertebrae
Diarthrosis, knee, elbow, wrist
Based on the major connective tissue type that binds the bones together and whether there is a fluid filled joint capsule.
Structural Classification
Three Major Structural Classes of Joints
Fibrous Joints
Cartilaginous Joints
Synovial Joints
Fibrous Joints CLASSIFICATION
1.Sutures
2. Syndesmoses
3. Gomphoses
The bones are united by fibrous connective tissue.
They allow little or no movement.
Based on structure, joints in this group are further classified into: sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses
Fibrous Joints
These are fibrous joints between the bones of the skull.
They are immovable due to interlocking junctions between the bones and short numerous connective fibers.
Ex. coronal suture between frontal and parietal bones
Sutures
These are fibrous joints where the bones are separated by some distance and are held together by ligaments.
Ex. interosseous membrane between radius and ulna
Syndesmoses
Consist of pegs fitted into sockets and held in place by ligaments.
Ex. the joint between a tooth and its socket
Gomphoses
Unite two bones by means of cartilage. Two types of cartilaginous joints: Synchondrosis, Symphysis
Cartilaginous Joints
Two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis, Symphysis
Bones are joined together by hyaline cartilage.
Ex. costal cartilage connection between a rib and the sternum
Synchondrosis
Synchondrosis Bones are joined together by .
hyaline cartilage
Bones are joined together by fibrocartilage.
Ex. pubic symphysis and the joints between the bodies of vertebrae.
Symphysis
Symphysis, Bones are joined together by .
fibrocartilage
They are commonly referred to as freely movable joints, however their flexibility does vary.
All have certain characteristics in common.
Synovial Joints
FOUR Functions synovial joints
Articular/Hyaline Cartilage
Two-Layered Joint Capsule
Synovial Fluid
Ligament
Prevent friction between articulating bones
Articular/Hyaline Cartilage
• Two-Layered Joint Capsule
- Strengthen joint
- To secrete synovial fluid
Outer Layer
Inner Layer
Reduce friction between articular cartilages
Nourish articular cartilage
Rid the joint of waste
Synovial Fluid
To connect one bone to another
Ligament
The classification of synovial joints is according to the
shape of the adjoining articular surfaces.
Types of Synovial Joints
Plane or Gliding Joints
Saddle Joints
Hinge Joints
Pivot Joints
Ball and Socket Joints
Ellipsoid or Condyloid
Consists of two opposed flat surfaces that glide over each other.
Ex. between two carpal bones, articular processes between vertebra
Plane or Gliding Joints
Plane or Gliding Joints ex.
between two carpal bones, articular processes between vertebra
Symphysis ex.
pubic symphysis and the joints between the bodies of vertebrae.
Synchondrosis ex.
costal cartilage connection between a rib and the sternum
Gomphoses ex.
the joint between a tooth and its socket
Syndesmoses ex.
interosseous membrane between radius and ulna
Sutures ex.
coronal suture between frontal and parietal bones
Plane or Gliding Joints ex.
between two carpal bones, articular processes between vertebra
Consists of two saddle – shaped articulating surfaces oriented at right angles to one another.
Allow movement in two planes.
Ex. base of the thumb, trapezium of the wrist.
Saddle Joints
Saddle Ex.
base of the thumb, trapezium of the wrist.
Consists of a convex cylinder of one bone applied to a corresponding concavity of the other bone.
Permit movement in one plane.
Ex. elbow and knee joints.
Hinge Joints
Hinge Joints Ex.
elbow and knee joints.
Consist of the rounded end of one bone fitting into a ring formed by the other bone.
Restrict movement to rotation around a single axis.
Ex. joint between the atlas and axis, joint at proximal ends of radius and
ulna.
Pivot Joints
Pivot Joints Ex
. joint between the atlas and axis, joint at proximal ends of radius and ulna.
Consist of a ball at the end of one bone and a socket in an adjacent bone into which a portion of the ball fits.
Allows a wide range of movement in any direction.
Ex. shoulder and hip joints.
Ball and Socket Joints
Ball and Socket Joints Ex.
shoulder and hip joints.
A modified ball and socket joint in which the joint surfaces are elongated.
The shape of the joint limits its range of movement nearly to a hinge motion, but in two planes.
Ex. joint between the occipital condyles of the skull, atlas of the vertebral column.
Ellipsoid or Condyloid
Ellipsoid or Condyloid Ex.
joint between the occipital condyles of the skull, atlas of the vertebral column.
