Skeletal System Flashcards
What are the five functions of bones?
 Support the body, protect soft organs, allow movement, store minerals/fats, and blood cell formation
Define compact bone
Homogenous bone tissue
Define spongy bone
Bone tissue that is not dense, has small needle like pieces of bone, many open spaces, and bone plates called trabeculae 
Sesamoid bones
A short bone that is within a joint or tendon
Flat bones
Thin, flat, usually curved, two thin layers of compact bone surround a layer of spongy bone
Define osteocyte
Mature bone cell
Define canaliculi
Small channels that radiate out to the lacuna
Define lacuna
Tiny cavities that house the mature bone cells
Define osteon
Complex of central canal, and matrix rings
Define lamella
Concentric circles of lacuna 
Give a description of the two main types of bone marrow
Red bone marrow is where stem cells develop into red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Yellow bone marrow stores fatty tissue.
Name the two types of bone formation, and give a brief description of each process
Flat bones form within sheet like layers of connective tissue and these bones are called intramembranous bones. Long bones replace masses of cartilage and this is called endochondral bones. 
What is the function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts? 
Osteoblasts deposit bony tissue around themselves until they become trapped and then they are referred to as an osteocyte. Osteoclast breakdown bone matrix for remodeling and release calcium in response to parathyroid hormone.
What is the function of parathyroid hormone and calcitonin in bone physiology?
Parathyroid hormone releases from your parathyroid gland when your blood calcium level decreases, and it tells osteoclast to breakdown bone to release calcium. Calcitonin releases from your thyroid when blood calcium level is too high, and it tells osteoblast to start putting the calcium back into your bones.
Describe a green stick fracture
Incomplete, does not go all the way through
Describe a comminuted fracture
The bone is broken into multiple pieces
Describe a transverse fracture
The bone breaks straight across
Describe a oblique fracture
The bone breaks diagonally
Describe a compound fracture
The bone penetrates the skin
Describe a simple fracture
The bone has not penetrated the skin
What are the four stages of fracture healing?
Hematoma, break is splinted by fibrocartilage to form a callous, fibrocartilage callus is replaced by a bony callus, bony callus is remodeled to form a permanent patch
Define a synarthritic joint
And immovable joint