A & P Basics

Question 1

Name and describe the 9 levels of structural organization in order from smallest to largest.

Answer 1

Atoms, molecules, macromolecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms

Question 2

Name and describe the 8 characteristics of life.

Answer 2

Movement, responsiveness, growth, reproduction, respiration, digestion, circulation, excretion

Question 3

Define the term metabolism.

Answer 3

Sum of all chemical processes in a living organism, the last 5 characteristics of life

Question 4

Name the 5 requirements of organisms.

Answer 4

Nutrients, oxygen, water, stable internal temp, appropriate atmospheric pressure

Question 5

Briefly explain negative feedback and positive feedback mechanisms in the body.

Answer 5

Neg - returns body to set point which reduces actions of effectors
Pos- increases original stimuli to push variable farther away from set point

Question 6

Define the terms axial and appendicular

Answer 6

Axial is head neck and trunk and appendicular is the limbs

Question 7

Name the Thoracic and Abdominopelvic membranes and define the terms visceral and parietal in regards to these membranes.

Answer 7

Heart - parietal pericardium lines the cavity and visceral covers the heart
Abdomen - parietal peritoneum lines the cavity and visceral covers the organs
Lungs - parietal pleura lines the cavity and visceral covers the lungs

Question 8

Name and describe the location of the 9 abdominal regions.

Answer 8

R hypochondria region, epigastric region, LHR
Right lateral region, umbilical region, LLR
Right inguinal region, pubic region, LIR

Question 9

Define ipsilateral

Answer 9

Structures on the same side of the body

Question 10

Define contralateral

Answer 10

Structures on the opposite side of the body

Question 11

Define sagittal plane

Answer 11

Could also be called medial or midsagittal plane. Divides body into left and right.

Question 12

Define coronal plane

Answer 12

Can also be called the frontal plane. Divides body into front and back.

Question 13

Define transverse plane

Answer 13

Can also be called horizontal plane. Cuts body into top and bottom

Question 14

List the steps of a typical homeostatic mechanism

Answer 14

Stimulus, receptors, control center (set point), effectors (muscles or glands), response

Question 15

What organelle is responsible for protein synthesis

Answer 15

Ribosomes