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Sports studies - Unit 1 > Skeletal system > Flashcards

Skeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

Name all 20 bones in the body.

A
  • Cranium
  • Clavicle
  • Sternum
  • Ribs
  • Humerus
  • Verterbrae
  • Radius
  • Ulna
  • Carpals
  • Metacarpals
  • Pelvis
  • Femur
  • Patella
  • Tibia
  • Fibia
  • Tarsals
  • Talus
  • Metatarsals
  • Phalanges
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2
Q

What does ‘anterior’ mean?

A

To the front of

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3
Q

What does ‘posterior’ mean?

A

To the rear of

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4
Q

What does ‘medial’ mean?

A

Towards the midline

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5
Q

What does ‘lateral’ mean?

A

Away from the midline

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6
Q

What does ‘proximal’ mean?

A

Closest to

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7
Q

What does ‘distal’ mean?

A

Furthest away

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8
Q

What does ‘superior’ mean?

A

Above

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9
Q

What does ‘inferior’ mean?

A

Below

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10
Q

What are the 5 types of bone?

A
  • Long
  • Short
  • Irregular
  • Flat
  • Sesamoid
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11
Q

What is the shaft known as on a long bone?

A

Diaphysis

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12
Q

What are the two expanding ends called on a long bone?

A

The epiphysis

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13
Q

What are 3 examples of long bones?

A

Humerus, radius, ulna

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14
Q

What are 2 characteristics of a short bone?

A

Small and light

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15
Q

What are 2 examples of short bones?

A

Carpals and tarsals

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16
Q

What are the 3 characteristics of flat bones?

A

Thin, flattened and slightly curved

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17
Q

What are 3 examples of flat bones?

A

Scapula, sternum and cranium

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18
Q

What is an example of an irregular bone?

A

The bones in the verterbrae

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19
Q

Where are sesamoid bones typically found?

A

Within a tendon

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20
Q

What do sesamoid bones provide?

A

A smooth surface for the tendon to slide over

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21
Q

What is an example of a sesamoid bone?

A

The patella

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22
Q

What 2 areas is the skeleton divided into?

A

Axial skeleton and Appendicular skeleton

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23
Q

What 4 bones make up the axial skeleton?

A

Cranium, sternum, ribs and vertebrae

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24
Q

Which bones make up the appendicualr skeleton?

A

All of the bones that attach to the axial skeleton

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25
Q

How many irregular bones make up the vertebrae?

A

33

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26
Q

What 5 sections is the vertebral column made up of?

A
  • Cervical
  • Thoracic
  • Lumbar
  • Sacral
  • Coccyx
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27
Q

What is the cervical section of the vertebral column?

A

The top 7 vertebrae of the neck

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28
Q

What is the thoracic section of the vertebral column?

A

The 12 vertebrae of the mid-spine

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29
Q

What is the lumbar section of the vertebral column?

A

The largest 5 vertebrae of the lower spine

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30
Q

What is the sacral section of the vertebral column?

A

The 5 fused vertebrae which forms the sacram

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31
Q

What is the coccyx section of the vertebral column?

A

The 4 fused vertebrae which forms the coccyx

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32
Q

What are the 5 functions of the vertebral column?

A
  • To protect spinal cord
  • To support the rib cage
  • To support body weight
  • Offers attachment for muscles in the back
  • Intervertebral discs recieve and distribute impact
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33
Q

How many curves should a neutral spine have?

A

3

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34
Q

What is kyphosis of the spine?

A

The excessive outward curve of the thoracic region

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35
Q

What is scoliosis of the spine?

A

Abnormal curvature of the spine from left to right

36
Q

What is ossification?

A

The process in which bones are formed

37
Q

What are osteoclasts?

A

Cells that remove excess calcium

38
Q

What are osteoblasts?

A

Cells that bring calcium to the bone

39
Q

How does a bone grow?

A

The epiphyseal plates on a long bone, extend

40
Q

What are the 8 functions of the skeletal system?

A

1) Support
2) Protection
3) Attachment for skeletal muscle
4) Source of blood cell production
5) Store of minerals
6) Leverage
7) Weight bearing
8) Reduction friction across a joint

41
Q

What are the 3 types of joints?

A
  • Fixed
  • Slightly moveable
  • Synovial
42
Q

How are fixed joints formed?

A

When bones interlock during early childhood

43
Q

What is an example of a fixed joint?

44
Q

What are slightly moveable joints known as?

A

Cartilaginous

45
Q

What are the ends of slightly moveable joints covered with?

A

Articular cartilage

46
Q

What is an example of a slightly moveable joint?

A

Sections of the vertebrae

47
Q

Are synovial joints able to move?

48
Q

What does a ligament do?

A

Attach bone to bone

49
Q

What does a tendon do?

A

Attach muscle to bone

50
Q

What are the 6 examples of synovial joints?

A
  • Hinge
  • Ball and socket
  • Condyloid
  • Gliding
  • Pivot
  • Saddle
51
Q

Where are hinge joints found?

A

Elbow, knee and ankle

52
Q

Where are ball and socket joints found?

A

Hip and shoulder

53
Q

Where are condyloid joints found?

54
Q

Where are gliding joints found?

55
Q

What movements can a condyloid joint do?

A

Forwards, backwards and side to side

56
Q

What movement can a pivot joint do?

57
Q

What is an example of a pivot joint?

58
Q

What is an example of a saddle joint?

59
Q

What bones form the elbow joint?

A

Humerus, radius, ulna

60
Q

What bones form the knee joint?

A

Femur and tibia

61
Q

What bones form the ankle joint?

A

Tibia, fibula and talus

62
Q

What bones form the hip joint?

A

Femur and pelvis

63
Q

What bones form the shoulder joint?

A

Humerus and scapula

64
Q

What is lateral flexion?

A

Movement of bending sideways from the waist

65
Q

What is horizontal flexion?

A

With a straight arm or leg, moving that limb in front of your body

66
Q

What is horizontal extension?

A

Moving the limb away from the front of the body

67
Q

What is hyperextension?

A

Movement beyond the normal anatomical position, in the opposite direction to flexion

68
Q

What is circumduction?

A

A circular movement that results in a conical action

69
Q

What are the 2 responses of the skeletal system?

A
  • Production of synovial fluid
  • Increase in mineral uptake
70
Q

What does synovial fluid help with?

A

Making the joint more lubricated

71
Q

What happens to the synovial fluid during exercise?

A

It becomes less viscous and the range of movement increases

72
Q

What does the synovial fluid provide?

A

Nutrients for the articular cartilage

73
Q

What happens to your bones the more they are used?

A

They become stronger and denser

74
Q

What happens to our bones when we perform weight bearing activities?

A

The body absorbs minerals such as calcium to increase bone mineral density

75
Q

What is the adaptation of the skeletal system?

A

Increase in ligament strength

76
Q

What happens to ligaments over time?

A

They become more pliable to increase flexibility and range of movement

77
Q

What are the 3 additional factors of the skeletal system?

A
  • Arthritis
  • Osteoporosis
  • Age
78
Q

What is arthritis?

A

An inflammation to a synovial joint

79
Q

What is the most common type of arthritis?

A

Osteoarthritis

80
Q

How is arthritis caused?

A

Through the reduction of cartilage around the bone

81
Q

How does exercise prevent arthritis?

A

Our joints produce more synovial fluid to reduce friction and provide the cartilage with more minerals

82
Q

What is osteoporosis?

A

The weakening of bones due to a loss in calcium or a lack of vitamin D

83
Q

What happens to our bones as we get older?

A

They lose mineral density and become fragile and brittle

84
Q

How does exercise prevent osteoporosis?

A

It increases the uptake of minerals to increase bone mineral density

85
Q

What type of training shouldn’t be done at a young age?

A

Resistance/weight training

Sports studies - Unit 1 (10 decks)

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