Respiratory system Flashcards
Bronchi
Branch off the trachea and carry air to the lungs
Bronchioles
- Extend from the bronchi
- Connect the bronchi to the alveoli
Alveoli
- The sit of gaseous exchange
- Oxygen is diffused through the alveoli to the capillary
Characteristics of the alveoli
- One cell thick
- Semi permeable membrane
- Large blood supply
- Large surface area
Diaphragm
Inspire = Contracts and flattens
Expire = Relaxes and rises to a dome shape
Expiration
- Diaphragm rises into a dome shape
- Internal intercostals move ribs down and in
Movement of oxygen
Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the blood
Movement of carbon dioxide
The CO2 diffuses from the blood back into the alveoli to be breathed out
Inspiration
- Diaphragm contracts and pulls flat
- External intercostals move ribs up and out
Trachea
- The windpipe
- 12cm long
- Rigid rings of cartilage to prevent collapse
Larynx
- Known as the voicebox
- Contains vocal chords
- Connects pharynx with trachea
Pharynx
- Connects nasal cavity with the larynx
- Pathway for food and air
Epiglottis
Closes over the trachea when you swallow food
Tidal Volume
The volume of air breathed in and out per breath
Inspiratory reserve volume
The additional volume of air that can forcibly inhaled after inspiration of normal tidal volume
Expiratory reserve volume
The additional of air that can be forcibly exhaled after expiration
Residual volume
The volume of air that remains in the lungs after maximal expiration
Vital capacity
The maximum amount of air that can be breathed out after breathing in as much air as possible
Total lung volume
Your total lung capacity after you have inhaled as deeply as you can
What are the two areas within the neural control of breathing?
- Dorsal respiratory group
- Ventral respiratory group
What are the DRG and VRG responsible for?
Rhythmic generation allowing rhythm and continuous breathing
What sensors respond to the chemical fluctuations such as changing levels of oxygen?
Chemoreceptors
Where are chemoreceptors found?
In the aortic arch and carotoid artery
What are the 2 ways that out respiratory system responds to exercise?
- Increased breathing rate
- Increased tidal volume
What is anticipatory rise?
The mind’s response to the body’s need to prepare for exercise
What happens during anticipatory rise?
- There is a release of adrenaline to the heart
- Triggers an increase of breathing rate and heart rate
How is minute ventilation calculated?
Breathing rate x tidal volume
What are the 3 adaptations of the respiratory system?
- Increased vital capacity
- Increased strength of the respiratory muscles
- Increased oxygen and diffusion rate
How many times does minute ventilation increase during exercise?
15
What 2 muscles allow for greater expansion of the chest cavity?
Diaphragm and intercostals
What hormone is responsible for anticipatory rise?
Adrenaline
How many ways does the respiratory system respond?
2
How many ways does the respiratory system adapt?
3
