Respiratory system

Question 1

Bronchi

Answer 1

Branch off the trachea and carry air to the lungs

Question 2

Bronchioles

Answer 2

• Extend from the bronchi
• Connect the bronchi to the alveoli

Question 3

Alveoli

Answer 3

• The sit of gaseous exchange
• Oxygen is diffused through the alveoli to the capillary

Question 4

Characteristics of the alveoli

Answer 4

• One cell thick
• Semi permeable membrane
• Large blood supply
• Large surface area

Question 5

Diaphragm

Answer 5

Inspire = Contracts and flattens
Expire = Relaxes and rises to a dome shape

Question 6

Expiration

Answer 6

• Diaphragm rises into a dome shape
• Internal intercostals move ribs down and in

Question 7

Movement of oxygen

Answer 7

Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the blood

Question 8

Movement of carbon dioxide

Answer 8

The CO2 diffuses from the blood back into the alveoli to be breathed out

Question 9

Inspiration

Answer 9

• Diaphragm contracts and pulls flat
• External intercostals move ribs up and out

Question 10

Trachea

Answer 10

• The windpipe
• 12cm long
• Rigid rings of cartilage to prevent collapse

Question 11

Larynx

Answer 11

• Known as the voicebox
• Contains vocal chords
• Connects pharynx with trachea

Question 12

Pharynx

Answer 12

• Connects nasal cavity with the larynx
• Pathway for food and air

Question 13

Epiglottis

Answer 13

Closes over the trachea when you swallow food

Question 14

Tidal Volume

Answer 14

The volume of air breathed in and out per breath

Question 15

Inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 15

The additional volume of air that can forcibly inhaled after inspiration of normal tidal volume

Question 16

Expiratory reserve volume

Answer 16

The additional of air that can be forcibly exhaled after expiration

Question 17

Residual volume

Answer 17

The volume of air that remains in the lungs after maximal expiration

Question 18

Vital capacity

Answer 18

The maximum amount of air that can be breathed out after breathing in as much air as possible

Question 19

Total lung volume

Answer 19

Your total lung capacity after you have inhaled as deeply as you can

Question 20

What are the two areas within the neural control of breathing?

Answer 20

• Dorsal respiratory group
• Ventral respiratory group

Question 21

What are the DRG and VRG responsible for?

Answer 21

Rhythmic generation allowing rhythm and continuous breathing

Question 22

What sensors respond to the chemical fluctuations such as changing levels of oxygen?

Answer 22

Chemoreceptors

Question 23

Where are chemoreceptors found?

Answer 23

In the aortic arch and carotoid artery

Question 24

What are the 2 ways that out respiratory system responds to exercise?

Answer 24

• Increased breathing rate
• Increased tidal volume

Question 25

What is anticipatory rise?

Answer 25

The mind’s response to the body’s need to prepare for exercise

Question 26

What happens during anticipatory rise?

Answer 26

• There is a release of adrenaline to the heart
• Triggers an increase of breathing rate and heart rate

Question 27

How is minute ventilation calculated?

Answer 27

Breathing rate x tidal volume

Question 28

What are the 3 adaptations of the respiratory system?

Answer 28

• Increased vital capacity
• Increased strength of the respiratory muscles
• Increased oxygen and diffusion rate

Question 29

How many times does minute ventilation increase during exercise?

Answer 29

15

Question 30

What 2 muscles allow for greater expansion of the chest cavity?

Answer 30

Diaphragm and intercostals

Question 31

What hormone is responsible for anticipatory rise?

Answer 31

Adrenaline

Question 32

How many ways does the respiratory system respond?

Answer 32

2

Question 33

How many ways does the respiratory system adapt?

Answer 33

3