Energy systems - Exam questions

Question 1

What enzyme is responsible for breaking down the phosphate bond in ATP? (1)

Answer 1

ATPase

Question 2

What enzyme is responsible for breaking the phosphocreatine bond? (1)

Answer 2

Creatine kinase

Question 3

What enzyme is responsible for breaking glucose down into pyruvic acid? (1)

Answer 3

Phosphofructokinase

Question 4

State 3 positives of the aerobic oxidative system. (3)

Answer 4

• 1 molecule of glucose/fat/protein has produced 36-38 ATP (1)
• High energy yield (1)
• Lots of energy over a long period of time (1)
• No fatiguing by-products (1)
• high stores og glycogen and fat (1)

Question 5

Describe the process of the Krebs cycle. (4)

Answer 5

The pyruvic acid is oxidised into Acetyle Coenzyme A and carried into the Kreb cycle (1). This takes place in the mitochondria (1). Carbon dioxide is then produced (1). Water is produced (1). Hydrogen ions produced (1). 2 ATP produced (1). Hydrogen ions are then carried into the electron transport chain (1).

Question 6

State the name of the muscle fibre ofetn recruited in the aerobic oxidative system. (1)

Answer 6

Slow twitch

Question 7

State one disadvantage of the ATP-PC system. (1)

Answer 7

• Small energy yield (1)
• Limited stores of phosphocreatine (1)
• High intensity activity can only last 8-10 seconds (1)
• Full recovery tales 2-3 minutes (1)

Question 8

State the two places that glycogen is stored. (1)

Answer 8

Muscles and Liver

Question 9

Describe the process of the electron transport chain. (4)

Answer 9

• The ETC only occurs when oxygen is present (1)
• It occurs in the mitochondria (1)
• It recieves hydrogen ions from the Krebs cycle (1)
• 32-34 ATP are created (1)
• Water is the by-product (1)

Question 10

State one chemical source used in the ATP-PC system. (1)

Answer 10

• Phosphate (1)
• Creatine (1)

Question 11

Explain one reason why the ATP-PC system is used when completing a shot put. (3)

Answer 11

Because it provides energy quickly (1) so the shot putter can produce an explosive movement (1) which allows the athlete to throw the shot as far as possible (1).

Question 12

Explain one possible cause of a sports performer experiencing a hypoglycaemic attack. (2)

Answer 12

• Low glucose levels in the blood/blood sugar is too low because the performer did too much exercise (1)
• Blood sugar has fallen (1) because the performer didn’t eat enough (1)
• Glucose levels are too low (1) because the performer took too much exercise (1)

Question 13

State one chemical store used in the ATP-PC system. (1)

Answer 13

Phosphate (1)
Creatine (1)

Question 14

Explain why the ATP-PC system is used when participating in the high jump. (3)

Answer 14

• Releases energy quickly (1)
• Can produce an explosive movement (1)
• The energy system lasts less than 10 seconds (1)
• ATP is resynthesis quick so recovery time is short (1)

Question 15

Describe the process of aerobic glycolysis. (3)

Answer 15

Glycogen is converted into glucose (1) and the glucose is broken down into pyruvic acid (1) pyruvate is the converted into lactic acid (1) and this reaction yields 2 ATP (1).