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Sports studies - Unit 1 > Cardiovascular system > Flashcards

Cardiovascular system Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 layers of the heart?

A
  • Epicardium (outer)
  • Myocardium (middle)
  • Endocardium (inner)
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2
Q

What do white blood cells do?

A
  • Fights infection
  • Identify, destroy and remove pathogens
  • Originate in bone marrow
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3
Q

Capillaries

A
  • Connects arteries and venules
  • One cell thick
  • Where gas exchange takes place
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4
Q

Thermoregulation

A
  • Helps maintain thermal balance
  • Occurs in vasodilation and constriction
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5
Q

How are waste products removed?

A

1) Lactic acid carried from the tissues to the kidneys and liver
2) CO2 is carried from tissue to the lungs

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6
Q

Functions of the cardiovascular system

A
  • Delivering oxygen and nutrients
  • Removes waste products
  • Thermoregulation
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7
Q

Platelets

A
  • Clots blood to prevent blood loss
  • Disc shaped
  • Made in the bone marrow
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8
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

Between the right atrium and right ventricle

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9
Q

Veins

A
  • Return blood to the heart
  • Thin walls due to low pressure
  • Large diameter
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10
Q

Pulmonary semi-lunar valve

A

Between right ventricle and pulmonary artery

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11
Q

Arteries

A
  • Carry blood away from the heart
  • Thick walls due to high pressure
  • Small diameter
  • Have elasticity
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12
Q

Aortic semi-lunar valve

A

Between left ventricle and aorta

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13
Q

Bicuspid valve

A

Between left atrium and left ventricle

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14
Q

Plasma

A
  • Transports nutrients like CO2, hormones and protein
  • Maintains blood pressure and homeostasis
  • Maintains blood volume
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15
Q

Under what bone is the heart located?

A

The sternum

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16
Q

What surrounds the outside of the heart?

A

The pericardium - a twin layered sac

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17
Q

What is in between the pericardium and the heart?

A

Pericardial fluid

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18
Q

What is pericardial fluid important to prevent?

A

Friction

19
Q

Right atrium

A

Supplies deoxygenated blood at low pressure to move the blood down to the right ventricle

20
Q

Right ventricle

A

Supplies deoxygenated blood at low pressure to move the blood to the lungs

21
Q

Left atrium

A

Supplies oxygenated blood at high pressure and moves blood to the left ventricle

22
Q

Left ventricle

A

Supplies oxygenated blood at high pressure and moves blood to the body

23
Q

How many layers do arteries and veins have?

A

3

24
Q

What are the 3 layers of arteries and veins?

A
  • Tunica Externa
  • Tunica Media
  • Tunica Intima
25
Q

What is the Tunica externa?

A

The outermost layer of arteries and veins that are made of connective tissue

26
Q

What is the Tunica media?

A

The middle layer of arteries and veins and is made of elastic fibres

27
Q

What is the Tunica intima?

A

The innermost layer of arteries and veins and are made of a single layer of endothelium

28
Q

Definition of elasticity

A

Being able to stretch and then go back to the original position

29
Q

Definition of contractility

A

A measure of cardiac pump performance

30
Q

What are arterioles?

A

Smaller versions of arteries

31
Q

What are venules?

A

Smaller versions of veins

32
Q

What do arterioles do?

A
  • Control blood distribution
  • Enable blood to pass to the capillary
33
Q

What protein do red blood cells contain?

A

Haemoglobin - gives the blood its colour

34
Q

What happens when 4 oxygens combine with haemoglobin?

A

It forms oxyhaemoglobin

35
Q

What are the 5 main functions of the CV system?

A
  • Delivering oxygen and nutrients
  • Removing waste products
  • Thermoregulation
  • Fighting infection
  • Clotting blood
36
Q

What is thermoregulation?

A

The distribution of heat allowing us to maintain thermal balance

37
Q

Explain the function - Delivering oxygen and nutrients

A
  • During exercise we need more oxygen and nutrients
  • When the CV system can’t meet needs we will fatigue
38
Q

Explain the function - Removal of waste products

A
  • Lactic acid is carried to the kidneys and liver
  • Carbon dioxide is carried to the lungs
  • If these aren’t removed then fatigue will occr
39
Q

Explain the function - Thermoregulation

A
  • Distribution and redistribution of heat
  • Help us to maintain thermal balance
  • Occurs in vasoconstriction and vasodilation
40
Q

Explain the function - Fighting infection

A
  • The WBC are stored in the bone marrow and transported through the blood
  • Destroy pathogens and produce antibodies
41
Q

Where are the ‘bundle of his’ located?

A

In the septum that separates the ventricles

42
Q

Where are the purkinje fibres located?

A

In the walls of the ventricles

43
Q

What do purkinje fibres do?

A

Carry the impulse to ventricle walls, causing them to contract

Sports studies - Unit 1 (10 decks)

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