Energy systems Flashcards
Why should children avoid anaerobic exercise?
- It is hard for them to remove lactic acid
- They have a lack of lactate system
Adaptation
Increased tolerance to lactic acid
- Allows more blood to supply muscles with oxygen
- Able to oxidise pyruvic acid more consistently
What does dehydrogenase do?
Breaks down pyruvic acid into lactic acid
What does phosphofructokinase do?
Breaks glucose down into pyruvic acid
Acetyl Coenzyme A
Produced when pyruvic acid is oxidised
What is the fuel used in the ATP-PC system?
Phosphocreatine
How much ATP is produced in the ATP-PC system?
1
What fuels are used in the oxidative system?
Glucose and fats
What is beta oxdation?
The breakdown of stored fats
Advantages of the aerobic oxidative system
- No fatiguing by products
- High energy yield
- High stores of glycogen and fats
Symptoms of a hypoglaecemic attack
- Sweating
- Dizziness
- Hunger
- Trembling
Adaptation
Increased creatine stores
- Improves ATP-PC system
- Can do anaerobic exercise longer
- Faster and more powerful movements
What does phosphorylase do?
Breaks glucose down into glycogen
What enzyme breaks the bond of ATP to release energy?
ATPase
What time period is phosphocreatine used as a fuel?
First 0-10 seconds
What % energy yield is contributed by protein?
15%
What is ATP made up of?
1 molecule of adenosine and 3 phosphates
What reaction is it if energy is released in the form of heat?
Exothermic
What does ATPase leave behind when it breaks down ATP?
ADP and an inorganic phosphate
Where is phopshocreatine stored?
Liver and muscles
What energy system is used for high intensity exercise?
Anaerobic glycolytic or ATP-PC
What energy system is used for low intensity exercise?
Aerobic system
Where does glycolysis take place?
In the sarcoplasm of the muscle cell
Where does the Kreb’s cycle take place?
In the mitochondria
What is carried into the Kreb’s cycle? (Oxidative system)
Oxidised pyruvic acid
What is produced in the Kreb’s cycle?
CO2, H20, H+ ions and 2ATP
What enters the Electron transport chain from the Kreb’s cycle?
The H+ ions
Disadvantages of the aerobic oxidative system?
- Energy production is not rapid
- This system can only be used during submaximal activities.
Advantages of the anaerobic glycolytic system
- ATP is resynthesised quickly
- Lasts longer than the ATP-PC system
Disadvantages of the anaerobic glycolytic system?
- Lactic acid is the by product
- Small energy yield (2 ATP)
How long will the ATP-PC system provide energy for?
8-10 seconds
How long will phosphocreatine last?
6-8 seconds
What does creatine kinase do?
Detects high levels of ADP
What does the energy continuum allow us to see?
Which energy system is used for different types of activity
What is the predominant energy system for a 100m sprint?
ATP-PC system
What is the predominant energy system for a marathon?
The aerobic system
What is the ATP-PC/anaerobic threshold?
Where the ATP-PC energy system is exhausted and the anaerobic glycolytic takes over
What is the anaerobic/aerobic threshold?
Where the anaerobic system is exhausted and the aerobic system takes over
What are slow twitch muscle fibres used for?
Low/medium intensity exercise
How much ATP do slow twitch muscle fibres produce?
Up to 36 ATP
What are fast twitch muscle fibres used for?
High intensity exercise
What are the 5 adaptations of the energy systems?
- Increased creatine stores
- Increased tolerance to lactic acid
- Improved aerobic system
- Increased use of fats as an energy source
- Increased storage of glycogen and number of mitochondria
What are the 2 additional factors affecting energy systems?
- Diabetes and hypoglycemic attacks
- Children’s lack of lactate system
