Skeletal System

Question 1

Long bone description, function, eg

Answer 1

Longer than they are wide, form majority of appendicular skeleton and are the levers of movement for limbs

eg Tibia, fibula, femur

Question 2

Short bone description, function, eg

Answer 2

small and regularly shaped, gathered in groups to provide strength

eg carpals, tarsals

Question 3

Flat bone description, function, eg

Answer 3

Thin in apperence and provide protection

eg cranium/skull, illium

Question 4

Irregular bone description, function, eg

Answer 4

Specialised in their location, usually have a large hole in them to allow for nerves and blood vessels to pass through while being protected

eg vertebrae column, sacrum

Question 5

Sesamoid bone description, function, eg

Answer 5

Associated with tendons, usually where passing close to another bone, responsible for improving efficiency of tendons

eg, patella 1st metatarsal joint

Question 6

what forms Axial skeleton & eg

Answer 6

made up of 80 bones, eg skull vertebrae column (spine), thoracic cage (rib cage)

Question 7

what forms appendicular skeleton & eg

Answer 7

made up of 126 bones, eg lower and upper limbs, shoulder girdle, pelvic girdle

Question 8

Skeletal system function - Protection

Answer 8

part of skeletal system involved is cranium, nervous system benefits, forms a hard case around the brain

Question 9

Skeletal system function - blood cell production

Answer 9

part of skeletal system involved is the red marrow within the spongy bone of the epiphysis - red blood cells carry oxygen in the blood (cardiovascular system), white blood cells help fight infection (Lymphatic system)

Question 10

Skeletal system function - storage minerals & chemical energy

Answer 10

part of skeletal system involved is all bones (minerals) and the yellow marrow in medullary cavity of diaphysis (chemical energy) , minerals like calcium are needed by muscles for contraction (muscular system benefits) and energy rich fat is available for all systems to use to produce energy (All systems benefit)

Question 11

Skeletal system function - framework/structure

Answer 11

part of skeletal system involved is the ribcage, respiratory system benefits, ribcage allows to be expanded when taking in air and compress to release air

Question 12

Skeletal system function - attachment

Answer 12

part of skeletal system involved is the olecranon process of the ulna for insertion of the triceps, muscular system benefits, attachment of muscles at bony points on the skeleton to aid movement

Question 13

Prevention of density loss

Answer 13

Improved activity encourages bone to repair and strengthen, maintaining thickness

Question 14

Lines of stress

Answer 14

Increased frequency and/or intensity causes small cracks on surface of the bone, once healed area is stronger

Question 15

Increases mineralisation

Answer 15

Force exerted during exercise encourages body to add minerals/calcium helping strengthen bone

Question 16

Improved cartilage

Answer 16

Nourished by synovial fluid during exercise, thickens to improve protection at joints

Question 17

Strengthens ligaments

Answer 17

Force during exercise encourages an increase within connective tissues improving stability at the joints

Question 18

Strengthen collagen

Answer 18

Exercise stimulates the production of the fibres within bone to increase flexibility in the bone structure

Question 19

Limiting factors in ROM for synovial joints

Answer 19

Bony contact, muscle bulk/mass, soft tissue/ligament stretch

Question 20

Epiphysis

Answer 20

End of the bone, site of spongy bone filled with bone marrow

Question 21

Diaphysis

Answer 21

Bone shaft

Question 22

Periosteum

Answer 22

Layer of dense connective tissue covering external surface of bone

Question 23

Endosteum

Answer 23

Fibrous tissue coating inside of medullary cavity

Question 24

Articular cartilage

Answer 24

Thin layer of cartilage covering joint surface

Question 25

Medullary cavity

Answer 25

Hollow cavity within the diaphysis surrounded by compact bone and contains yellow marrow

Question 26

Epiphyseal line

Answer 26

Distinct line that forms at adult hood

Question 27

what is Yellow marrow and whats its location

Answer 27

fatty tissue can be used for energy, medullary cavity

Question 28

what is Red marrow and wheres it found

Answer 28

Contains red blood cells, found in the epiphysis of a bone