Flexibility

Question 1

Muscle spindle - associated reflex

Answer 1

Stretch reflex

Question 2

Muscle spindle - Location

Answer 2

Within the muscle belly and aligned with muscle fibres

Question 3

Muscle spindle - purpose/function

Answer 3

Detect stretching of muscle and the speed/rate of stretch

Question 4

Golgi tendon organ - associated reflex

Answer 4

Inverse stretch reflex

Question 5

Golgi tendon organ - location

Answer 5

Within the muscle tendon junction and lies in a series with muscle fibres

Question 6

Golgi tendon organ - purpose/function

Answer 6

Detect tension within the tendon and muscle

Question 7

Stretch reflex stage 1

Answer 7

detection - detects muscle fibres are being stretched at a speed and intensity which may result in damage to muscle structure

Question 8

Stretch reflex stage 2

Answer 8

Sensory info sent - Sensory nerves deliver this information to the spinal cord

Question 9

Stretch reflex stage 3

Answer 9

Reaction - reflex action occurs - the motor nerves instruct the muscle to contract in order to minimise damage

Question 10

Stretch reflex stage 4

Answer 10

result - muscle shortens

Question 11

Inverse stretch reflex (GTO) stage 1

Answer 11

Detection - detects the tension in the tendon may result in damage to the muscle structure

Question 12

Inverse stretch reflex (GTO) stage 2

Answer 12

Sensory info sent - Sensory nerves deliver this information to the spinal cord

Question 13

Inverse stretch reflex (GTO) stage 3

Answer 13

Reaction - reflex action occurs - motor nerves instruct the muscle to relax in order to minimise damage

Question 14

Inverse stretch reflex (GTO) stage 4

Answer 14

Result - muscle lengthens

Question 15

Environmental influences on ROM 1

Answer 15

Temperature - warmer temperature may result in increased flexibility, colder can result in decreased flexibility

Question 16

Environmental influences on ROM 2

Answer 16

Time of day - Flexibility is likely to vary depending on time of day tends to be lowest in the morning, research suggests flexibility peaks from about 1430-1600

Question 17

Environmental influences on ROM 3

Answer 17

Clothing - tight or heavy clothing can restrict the ROM allowed

Question 18

Physiological Influences on ROM 1

Answer 18

Type of joint - some joints aren’t particularly flexible (cartilaginous), hinge joints can only do flexion and extension

Question 19

Physiological Influences on ROM 2

Answer 19

Elasticity of bone tissue - Scar tissue after an injury is often less flexible than normal muscle tissue

Question 20

Physiological Influences on ROM 3

Answer 20

Bony contact - The shape of a bone can limit ROM (elbow/knee)

Question 21

Physiological Influences on ROM 4

Answer 21

Elasticity of tendons/ligaments - Very limited ability to stretch which will restrict the ROM at the joint