Nutrition - Digestive System

Question 1

Mouth & pharynx function

Answer 1

Chewing (mastication) mechanical breakdown
Produces saliva which contains enzyme salivary amylase which begins breakdown of carbs, moistens food protects against teeth decay
Food is swallowed & passed from mouth into pharynx

Question 2

Oesophagus

Answer 2

Involuntary muscular contractions (peristalsis) push food into stomach

Question 3

Stomach

Answer 3

Produces gastric juices containing hydrochloric acid which kills bacteria and pepsin to break down protein

Question 4

Pancreas

Answer 4

Secretes pancreatic juices containing digestive enzymes to help further digestion and absorption of nutrients
Lipase - breaks down fat
Amylase - Breaks down carbs into glucose
Trypsin - Breaks down protein into amino acids

Question 5

Liver

Answer 5

Produces bile acids which enables fats to mix with water (emulsification)

Question 6

Gallbladder

Answer 6

Storage of bile which is released into small intestine

Question 7

Small Intestine

Answer 7

Receives bile from gallbladder and pancreatic juices
Primary site for digestion and absorption
Villi and microvilli provide large surface area for absorption
Digested food is able to pass into blood vessels in the wall of the intestine through the process of diffusion

Question 8

Large Intestine

Answer 8

Absorbs water, vitamins & minerals
Contains bacteria which produce vitamins and help prevent infection in the intestine

Question 9

Rectum

Answer 9

Stores Faeces

Question 10

Anus

Answer 10

Opening for elimination of waste

Question 11

Mastication

Answer 11

Process of teeth grinding food down in the mouth

Question 12

Peristalsis

Answer 12

Pushing food from oesophagus to stomach

Question 13

Saliva

Answer 13

Moistens the food and helps prevent tooth decay

Question 14

Salivary Gland

Answer 14

Produces saliva

Question 15

Salivary Amylase

Answer 15

Digestive enzyme in saliva that begins to breakdown carbs/starch

Question 16

Bolus

Answer 16

Ball of chewed food ready for swallowing

Question 17

Chyme

Answer 17

Acidic fluid which passes from stomach to small intestine consisting of gastric juices and partly digested food

Question 18

Bile

Answer 18

Fluid produced in the liver helps aid digestion

Question 19

Emulsification

Answer 19

Process of fats mixing with water, bile acids allow for this to happen

Question 20

Pancreas

Answer 20

Secretes pancreatic juices like insulin and glucagon (its endocrine function)
Produces enzymes to digest food

Question 21

3 parts of small intestine

Answer 21

Duodenum, Jejuneum & ileum

Question 22

Villi

Answer 22

Tiny finger like projections that increase surface area within small intestine for absorption, on each villi is thousands of microvilli

Question 23

what is chemical digestion

Answer 23

Breakdown of food by enzymes

Question 24

End product of starch

Answer 24

Maltose

Question 25

End product of Polypeptides

Answer 25

Amino acids

Question 26

End product of Triglycerides

Answer 26

Glycerol and fatty acids

Question 27

End product of Sucrose/lactose/maltose

Answer 27

Glucose

Question 28

Enzyme and nutrient for mouth release

Answer 28

Salivary amylase and carbs

Question 29

Enzyme and nutrient for stomach release

Answer 29

Pepsin and proteins

Question 30

Enzyme and nutrient for release from pancreas into small intestine 1

Answer 30

Lipase and fats

Question 31

Enzyme and nutrient for release from pancreas into small intestine 2

Answer 31

Trypsin and proteins

Question 32

Enzyme and nutrient for release from pancreas into small intestine 3

Answer 32

Amylase and carbs

Question 33

Chemical digestion area 1

Answer 33

Mouth produces salivary amylase which breaks down carbs (starch) this then creates maltose

Question 34

Chemical digestion area 2

Answer 34

Stomach breaks down protein with pepsin which then produces polypeptides. Stomach can also absorb water, glucose vitamins and alcohol

Question 35

Chemical digestion area 3

Answer 35

Within the duodenum pancreatic juices and bile are secreted, the bile then emulsifies the fats and breaks them down. The small intestine contains particular structures called microvilli

Question 36

Inner lining of small intestine

Answer 36

Has many folds called Plicae, on the plicae are thousands of finger like protrusions called villi
On each villus are thousands of hair like protrusions called microvilli/brush borders
These structures increase the surface area for greater absorption and digestion