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3B - Abby Blackwell > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Axial Skeleton

A
  • Head and trunk of vertebrate
  • Central axis of human skeleton
  • Supports the upright position and protects internal organs
  • Skull, vertebrate, rib cage and sternum
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2
Q

Appendicular Skeleton

A
  • Portion of the skeleton of vertebrates made up of bones that support appendages
  • Limbs
  • Aid in the movement of the body
  • Pectoral girdle, arms, forearms, hands, pelvis, legs, feet, and ankles
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3
Q

Bones in Axial

A

80

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4
Q

Bones in Appendicular

A

126

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5
Q

Bones in human body

A

206

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6
Q

Functions of Skeletal System

A

Support and protection, body movement, produces blood cells, storage of minerals and fats

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7
Q

5 Classifications of bones

A

Long, short, flat, irregular and sesamoid

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8
Q

Epiphysis

A

End

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9
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft

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10
Q

Articular Cartilage

A

Hyaline cartilage, padding

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11
Q

Periosteum

A

Membrane that covers entire bone

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12
Q

Medullary Cavity

A

Hollow chamber filled with bone marrow

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13
Q

2 Functions of red/yellow bone marrow

A

Red marrow- blood

Yellow marrow- fat

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14
Q

Compact bone tissue

A

Wall of diaphysis

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15
Q

Spongy bone tissue

A

Cancellous, epiphysis- rad marrow

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16
Q

Synovial joint- Pivot joint

A
  • Vertebrae in neck area
  • Rounded portion of bone enclosed within ring formed partially by the articulation with another bone and partially by a ligament
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17
Q

Synovial joint- Hinge joint

A
  • Elbow

- The convex end of one bone articulates with the concave end of the adjoining bone

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18
Q

Synovial joint- Saddle joint

A
  • Thumb
  • Both of the articulating surfaces for the bones have a saddle shape, which is concave in one direction and convex in the other
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19
Q

Synovial joint- Ball and Socket joint

A
  • Hip

- The rounded head of one bone (the ball) fits into the concave articulation (the socket) of the adjacent bone

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20
Q

Synovial joint- Condyloid joint

A
  • Wrist

- The shallow depression at the end of one bone articulates with a rounded structure from an adjacent bone or bones

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21
Q

Synovial joint- Plane joint

A
  • Between tarsals
  • The articulating surfaces of the bones are flat or slightly curved and of approximately the same size, which allows the bones to slide against each other
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22
Q

Flexion/extension

A
  • Movements that take place within the sagittal plane and involve anterior or posterior movements of the body or limbs.
  • In the limbs, flexion decreases the angle between the bones (bending of the joint), while extension increases the angle and straightens the joint. For the upper limb, all anterior-going motions are flexion and all posterior-going motions are extension
  • ex of flexion: seat kicks
  • ex of extension: straightening your arm
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23
Q

Adduction/abduction/circumduction

A
  • Adduction:(condyloid, saddle, and ball-and-socket joints), moves the limb laterally away from the midline of the body
  • Abduction: condyloid, saddle, and ball-and-socket joints), brings the limb toward the body or across the midline
  • Circumduction: (biaxial condyloid, saddle, ball-and-socket), movement of a body region in a circular manner, in which one end of the body region being moved stays relatively stationary while the other end describes a circle.
24
Q

Rotation

A
  • Can occur within the vertebral column, at a pivot joint, or at a ball-and-socket joint
  • Medial (internal) rotation: movement that brings the anterior surface of the limb toward the midline of the body
  • Lateral (external) rotation: rotation of the limb so that the anterior surface moves away from the midline
25
Q

Supination/pronation

A
  • Pronation: the motion that moves the forearm from the supinated (anatomical) position to the pronated (palm backward) position.
  • Supination: the opposite motion, in which rotation of the radius returns the bones to their parallel positions and moves the palm to the anterior facing (supinated) position
26
Q

Dorsiflexion/plantar flexion

A
  • Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion are movements at the ankle joint, which is a hinge joint
  • dorsiflexion: lifting the front of the foot, so that the top of the foot moves toward the anterior leg is
  • plantar flexion: lifting the heel of the foot from the ground or pointing the toes downward is
27
Q

Inversion/eversion

A
  • Inversion: the turning of the foot to angle the bottom of the foot toward the midline
  • Eversion: turns the bottom of the foot away from the midline
28
Q

Protraction/retraction

A
  • Anterior-posterior movements of the scapula or mandible
  • Protraction of the scapula: occurs when the shoulder is moved forward, as when pushing against something or throwing a ball
  • Retraction: the opposite motion, with the scapula being pulled posteriorly and medially, toward the vertebral column
  • For the mandible, protraction occurs when the lower jaw is pushed forward, to stick out the chin, while retraction pulls the lower jaw backward
29
Q

Depression/elevation

A
  • Downward and upward movements of the scapula or mandible
  • Protraction
  • Elevation: the upward movement of the scapula and shoulder
  • Depression: a downward movement
30
Q

Opposition/reposition

A
  • Opposition: the thumb movement that brings the tip of the thumb in contact with the tip of a finger
  • Reposition: Returning the thumb to its anatomical position next to the index finger is called
31
Q

Bones In Cranium

A

22 individual bones, 21 of which are immobile and united into a single unit

32
Q

Only movable bone in your skull

A

Mandible (lower jaw)

33
Q

Five vertebral regions (from superior to inferior)

A
  • Seven cervical vertebrae (C1-C7)
  • Twelve thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12)
  • Five lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5)
  • One sacrum
  • One coccyx
34
Q

How many vertebrae are in cervical?

A

7

35
Q

How many vertebrae are in thoracic?

A

12

36
Q

How many vertebrae are in lumbar?

A

5

37
Q

Scoliosis

A

An abnormal, lateral curvature, accompanied by twisting of the vertebral column, cause unknown

38
Q

Kyphosis

A

Also referred to as humpback or hunchback, is an excessive posterior curvature of the thoracic region. This can develop when osteoporosis causes weakening and erosion of the anterior portions of the upper thoracic vertebrae, resulting in their gradual collapse

39
Q

Lordosis

A

Also known as swayback, is an excessive anterior curvature of the lumbar region and is most commonly associated with obesity or late pregnancy

40
Q

What does the thoracic cage protect?

A

The heart and lungs

41
Q

Costal cartilage

A

The bony ribs do not extend anteriorly completely around to the sternum. Instead, each rib ends in a costal cartilage. These cartilages are made of hyaline cartilage and can extend for several inches. Most ribs are then attached, either directly or indirectly, to the sternum via their costal cartilage

42
Q

Three types of ribs, and how many of each?

A
  • Ribs 1-7 are true ribs
  • Ribs 8-12 are false ribs
  • Ribs 11-12 are floating ribs
43
Q

Main Bones of the pectoral girdle

A

Clavicle and scapula

44
Q

Humerus

A

Upper arm

45
Q

Radius

A

Outer part of forearm in anatomical position

46
Q

Ulna

A

Inner part of forearm in anatomical position

47
Q

Carpals

A

Wrist bone

48
Q

Metacarpals

A

Back of the hand, above the carpals

49
Q

Phalanges

A

Fingers

50
Q

Femur

A

Also called thighbone, located on upper bone of the leg

51
Q

Tibia

A

Lower leg bone (on the inside)

52
Q

Fibula

A

Lower leg bone (on the outside)

53
Q

Tarsals

A

Foot bone

54
Q

Metatarsals

A

Forefoot, above tarsals

55
Q

8 types of fractures

A

Closed, open, transverse, spiral, comminuted, impacted, greenstick, oblique

3B - Abby Blackwell (11 decks)

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