Digestive System

Question 1

Functions of Digestive System

Answer 1

• Mechanical and chemical breakdown of food and the absorption of nutrients
• Excretion of waste

Question 2

Two types of bowel movements

Answer 2

-Mixing Movements:
mix food with digestive juices
-Propelling Movements:
called peristalsis; pushes food down the tube

Question 3

Mouth

Answer 3

Begins digestion by chewing and mixing with saliva

Question 4

Tongue

Answer 4

Moves food, connects to floor of mouth via frenulum

Question 5

Amylase

Answer 5

Enzyme breaks down starch into sugars

Question 6

Esophagus

Answer 6

The muscular tube that carries food and liquids from your mouth to the stomach

Question 7

Four regions of the stomach

Answer 7

• The cardia (or cardiac region) is the point where the esophagus connects to the stomach and through which food passes into the stomach
• Located inferior to the diaphragm, above and to the left of the cardia, is the dome-shaped fundus
• Below the fundus is the body, the main part of the stomach
• The funnel-shaped pylorus connects the stomach to the duodenum. The wider end of the funnel, the pyloric antrum, connects to the body of the stomach

Question 8

Pyloric canal

Answer 8

The narrower end is called the pyloric canal, which connects to the duodenum

Question 9

Pyloric sphincter

Answer 9

The smooth muscle pyloric sphincter is located at this latter point of connection and controls stomach emptying

Question 10

Stomach lining

Answer 10

Mucus prevents stomach from digesting itself, small openings called gastric pits contain glands

Question 11

Pepsin

Answer 11

Most important digestive enzyme for breaking down food

Question 12

Mechanical Digestion

Answer 12

Food being broken down in smaller pieces (ex: chewing and churning of the stomach)

Question 13

Chemical Digestion

Answer 13

Substances in our digestive organs are released that change food particles into particles that are chemically different (ex: acids and bases)

Question 14

Chyme

Answer 14

The semi-fluid mass of partly digested food that is expelled by a person’s stomach, through the pyloric valve, into the duodenum

Question 15

Small Intestine

Answer 15

the longest segment of the gastrointestinal tract — the long, continuous pathway that food travels through your digestive system. In the small intestine, food is broken down into liquid and most of its nutrients are absorbed

Question 16

Duodenum

Answer 16

The shortest region is the 25.4-cm (10-in) duodenum,

Question 17

Jejunum

Answer 17

The jejunum is about 0.9 meters (3 feet) long (in life) and runs from the duodenum to the ileum. Jejunum means “empty” in Latin

Question 18

Ileum

Answer 18

The ileum is the longest part of the small intestine, measuring about 1.8 meters (6 feet) in length. It is thicker, more vascular, and has more developed mucosal folds than the jejunum

Question 19

Large Intestine

Answer 19

The large intestine is subdivided into four main regions: the cecum, the colon, the rectum, and the anus

Question 20

Cecum

Answer 20

Start of large intestine, has an attached appendix

Question 21

Colon

Answer 21

4 sections:

• Ascending
• Transverse
• Descending
• Sigmoid

Question 22

Rectum

Answer 22

Stores waste before it is expelled from the body

Question 23

Anus

Answer 23

Muscular sphincter which controls the exit of waste

Question 24

Bristol Stool Chart

Answer 24

Type 1 and 2 - Constipation
Type 3 and 4 - Normal
Type 5 - Lacking Fiber
Type 6 - Mild Diarrhea 
Type 7 - Severe Diarrhea

Question 25

Liver

Answer 25

The liver is the largest gland in the body, weighing about three pounds in an adult. It is also one of the most important organs. In addition to being an accessory digestive organ, it plays a number of roles in metabolism and regulation

Question 26

Gallbladder

Answer 26

The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile, releasing it when it is needed by the small intestine

Question 27

Pancreas

Answer 27

The pancreas is responsible for secretion of digestive enzymes and bicarbonate