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3B - Abby Blackwell > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Integumentary System

A

Encloses internal body structures; site of many sensory receptors; thermoregulation; vitamin D synthesis

Main Organs: Hair, Skin, Nails

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2
Q

Function #1- Protection

A

The skin protects the rest of the body from the basic elements of nature such as wind, water, and UV sunlight.

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3
Q

Function #2- Sensory Function

A

The skin acts as a sense organ because the epidermis, dermis, and the hypodermis contain specialized sensory nerve structures that detect touch, surface temperature, and pain.

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4
Q

Function #3- Thermoregulation

A

The sympathetic nervous system is continuously monitoring body temperature and initiating appropriate motor responses.

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5
Q

Function #4- Vitamin D Synthesis

A

The epidermal layer of human skin synthesizes vitamin D when exposed to UV radiation. In the presence of sunlight, a form of vitamin D3 called cholecalciferol is synthesized in the skin. Vitamin D is essential for normal absorption of calcium and phosphorous, which are required for healthy bones.

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6
Q

Skin

A

The skin is made of multiple layers of cells and tissues, which are held to underlying structures by connective tissue.

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7
Q

Epidermis

A

Most superficial

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8
Q

Dermis

A

Middle layer

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9
Q

Hypodermis

A

Deepest layer

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10
Q

Keratinocyte

A

a cell that manufactures and stores the protein keratin.

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11
Q

Stratum basale

A

Deepest epidermal layer (the base) and attaches the epidermis to the basal lamina, below which lie the layers of the dermis.

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12
Q

Stratum spinosum

A

The desmosomes interlock with each other and strengthen the bond between the cells.

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13
Q

Stratum granulosum

A

Has a grainy appearance due to further changes to the keratinocytes as they are pushed from the stratum spinosum.

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14
Q

Stratum lucidum

A

This thin layer of cells is found only in the thick skin of the palms, soles, and digits. The keratinocytes that compose the stratum lucidum are dead and flattened

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15
Q

Stratum corneum

A

The increased keratinization (also called cornification) of the cells in this layer gives it its name, usually 15 to 30 layers of cells in the stratum corneum.

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16
Q

From Superficial to Deep

A 
Come-stratum corneum 
Let’s-stratum lucidum 
Get- stratum granulosum 
Sun- stratum spinosum 
Burnt- stratum basale
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17
Q

Thick Skin

A

All layers of skin, only found on palms of hands and soles of feet

18
Q

Thin Skin

A

Layers 1,3, 4 and 5- stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

19
Q

Keratin

A

an intracellular fibrous protein that gives hair, nails, and skin their hardness and water-resistant property

20
Q

Hair

A

Keratinous filament growing out of the epidermis. It is primarily made of dead, keratinized cells

21
Q

Hair Follicle

A

Strands of hair originate in an epidermal penetration of the dermis

22
Q

Hair Shaft

A

The part of the hair not anchored to the follicle, and much of this is exposed at the skin’s surface

23
Q

Hair Root

A

The rest of the hair, which is anchored in the follicle that lies below the surface of the skin

24
Q

Free Edge

A

Ensures nail bed is covered and protected

25
Q

Lunula

A

Also known as nail bed, rich in blood vessels making ti appear pink

26
Q

Eponychium (Cuticle)

A

The nail fold that meets the proximal end of the nail body forms the nail cuticle, also called the eponychium

27
Q

Nail Root

A

A matrix of proliferating cells from the stratum basale that enables the nail to grow continuously

28
Q

Apocrine Sweat Gland

A

Usually associated with hair follicles in densely hairy areas, such as armpits and genital regions, lie deep in the dermis

29
Q

Pores

A

On the skin surface, where the sweat is released.

30
Q

Eccrine Sweat Gland

A

Type of gland that produces a hypotonic sweat for thermoregulation. These glands are found all over the skin’s surface, but are especially abundant on the palms of the hand, the soles of the feet, and the forehead

31
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma

A

Frequent and most common type of cancer. Symptoms: white waxy bumps or scaly patch. Treatment: surgery or medication

32
Q

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A

Form of skin cancer stemming from sun exposure/ UV lights and genetics. Symptoms: rough, reddish scaly patch, open sore, wart like growth. Treatment: microscopic surgery

33
Q

Melanoma

A

Skin cancer that forms in melanocytes (makes melanin). Symptoms: sores, redness, swelling, discoloration. Treatment: immunotherapy and targeted drugs

34
Q

Eczema

A

Skin condition that can make your skin red, itchy, flaky and dry. Symptoms: dry skin, itching, bumps. Treatment: avoid harsh soaps, moisturizing regular, medical creams

35
Q

Acne

A

Occurs when the pores of your skin become blocked with oil, dead skin or bacteria. Symptoms: red bumps. Treatments: cleansing, gel or cream, spot cream

36
Q

1st degree burn

A

Affect the epidermis and are the least serious. Symptoms: peeling skin, redness, swelling, pain, dry skin. Treatment: run cool water on it, Aloe Vera

37
Q

2nd degree burn

A

Affects first and second layer of skin (epidermis and dermis). Symptoms: blisters. Treatment: clean and bandage affected area

38
Q

3rd degree burn

A

Destroy the epidermis and dermis. Third-degree burns may also damage the underlying bones, muscles, and tendons. Symptoms: The burn site appears white or charred. There is no sensation in the area since the nerve endings are destroyed. Treatment: clean and bandage area

39
Q

4th degree burn

A

Burns that go through both layers of the skin and underlying tissue as well as deeper tissue, and possibly involving muscle and bone. Symptoms: affected area has a charred-looking appearance, loss of sensation. Treatment: covering the affected area with a loose bandage or cloth

40
Q

Stretch Marks

A

Type of scar that occurs when the skin stretches or shrinks quickly. Symptoms: colored marks. Treatment: no treatment, may fade over time

41
Q

Callus

A

Small area of thickened skin that forms as a result of repetitive friction, pressure or irritation. Symptoms: tenderness or pain underneath skin. Treatments: soaking the callus then exfoliating the rough area

3B - Abby Blackwell (11 decks)

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